Article: A revision of the Eurasian fossil species of the bee Apis

Fossil Apis species from the Oligocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of Eurasia are described and their relationships with Recent species are discussed. Several new populations of fossil bees are reported from the Oligocene and Miocene of France and Spain, including Apis aquisextusensis sp. nov. The present state of knowledge of fossil bee systematics is poor because of the general lack of preserved characters. Some of the problems, and items requiring further investigation, are identified.