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Article: Redescription of the cranial skeleton of the Early Devonian (Emsian) sarcopterygian Durialepis edentatus Otto (Dipnomorpha, Porolepiformes)

Papers in Palaeontology - Volume 7 Issue 1 - Cover
Publication: Papers in Palaeontology
Volume: 7
Part: 2
Publication Date: May 2021
Page(s): 789 806
Author(s): Jorge Mondéjar-Fernández, Matt Friedman, and Sam Giles
DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1315
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How to Cite

MONDéJAR-FERNáNDEZ, J., FRIEDMAN, M., GILES, S. 2021. . Papers in Palaeontology, 7, 2, 789-806. DOI: /doi/10.1002/spp2.1315

Author Information

  • Jorge Mondéjar-Fernández - Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Université CNRS EPHE; CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
  • Matt Friedman - Museum of Paleontology & Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Michigan 1105 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
  • Sam Giles - School of Geography Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
  • Sam Giles - Christ Church Oxford OX1 1DP UK

Publication History

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    Abstract

    Porolepiforms represent a clade of Devonian stem lungfishes, divided into the cosmine-bearing and probably paraphyletic ‘Porolepidae’ (e.g. Porolepis, Heimenia) and the cosmine-free and stratigraphically younger Holoptychiidae (e.g. Holoptychius, Glyptolepis, Laccognathus). Data on the dermoskeleton are available for both groups, but are more limited for ‘porolepids’. Here we present new information on the ‘porolepid’ Durialepis edentatus from the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Germany based on micro-computed tomography. The material comprises an articulated skull of a single three-dimensionally preserved individual. The arrangement of the cheekbones of Durialepis edentatus recalls that of Porolepis brevis, with the occurrence of two subsidiary squamosals. However, the parieto-ethmoidal and postparietal shields are roughly equal in size, a condition similar to that of Glyptolepis groenlandica and intermediate between Porolepis brevis and holoptychiids. A large parasymphysial tooth plate displays five tooth rows with three large tusks in the median row, another intermediate arrangement between the primitive condition of Porolepis sp. (eight rows) and holoptychiids (five or fewer rows). Remarkably among porolepiforms, this dental plate is perfectly symmetrical. Despite the occurrence of cosmine and rhombic scales, the combination of traits displayed in Durialepis deviates from Porolepis in several ways, reflecting features shared with holoptychiids to the exclusion of other ‘porolepids’. Durialepis edentatus is thus a key addition to our knowledge of ‘porolepid’ anatomy. Because Durialepis edentatus preserves much of the cranial and postcranial skeleton in a single individual, it represents a suitable early dipnomorph representative for inclusion in phylogenetic analyses on sarcopterygians and early osteichthyans.

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