Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: A new genus and species of sphenodontian from the Ghost Ranch Coelophysis quarry (Upper Triassic: Apachean), Rock Point Formation, New Mexico, USA

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 51
Part: 4
Publication Date: July 2008
Page(s): 827 – 845
Author(s): Andrew B. Heckert, Spencer G. Lucas, Larry F. Rinehart and Adrian P. Hunt
Addition Information

How to Cite

HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G., RINEHART, L. F., HUNT, A. P. 2008. A new genus and species of sphenodontian from the Ghost Ranch Coelophysis quarry (Upper Triassic: Apachean), Rock Point Formation, New Mexico, USA. Palaeontology, 51, 4, 827–845.

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • APESTEGUÍA, S. and NOVAS, F. E. 2003. Large Cretaceous sphenodontian from Patagonia provides insight into lepidosaur evolution in Gondwana. Nature, 425, 609–612.
  • BARBOZA-GUDINO, J. R., TRISTÁN-GONZALES, M. T. and TORRES-HERNÁNDEZ, J. R. 1998. The Late Triassic–Early Jurassic active continental margin of western North America in northeastern Mexico. Geofísica Internacional, 37, 283–292.
  • BARBOZA-GUDINO, J. R., TRISTÁN-GONZALES, M. T. and TORRES-HERNÁNDEZ, J. R. 1999. Tectonic setting of pre-Oxfordian units from central and northeastern Mexico: a review. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 340, 197–210.
  • BENTON, M. J. 1985. Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 97–164.
  • BENTON, M. J. 1991. Amniote phylogeny. 317–330. In SCHULTZE, H.-D. and TRUEB, L. (eds). Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, NY, 724 pp.
  • BERMAN, D. S. and REISZ, R. R. 1992. Dolabrosaurus aquatilis, a small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of north-central New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 66, 1001–1009.
  • BONAPARTE, J. F. and SUES, H.-D. 2006. A new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology, 49, 917–923.
  • CARROLL, R. L. and CURRIE, P. 1991. The early radiation of diapsid reptiles. 195–222. In SCHULTZE, H.-P. and TRUEB, L. (eds). Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 724 pp.
  • CLARK, J. M., SUES, H.-D. and BERMAN, D. S. 2000. A new specimen of Hesperosuchus agilis from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and the interrelationships of basal crocodylomorph archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20, 683–704.
  • COLBERT, E. H. 1989. The Triassic dinosaur Coelophysis. Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin, 57, 160.
  • COLBERT, E. H. 1990. Variation in Coelophysis. 80–90. In CARPENTER, K. and CURRIE, P. J. (eds). Dinosaur systematics: approaches and perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 318 pp.
  • CURTIS, K. and PADIAN, K. 1999. An Early Jurassic microvertebrate fauna from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona: microfaunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Paleobios, 19, 19–37.
  • DATTA, P. M. and RAY, S. 2006. Earliest lizard from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, 795–800.
  • DUBIEL, R. F. 1989a. Depositional and paleoclimatic setting of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau. 171–187. In LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. (eds). Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM, 414 pp., 9 pls.
  • DUBIEL, R. F. 1989b. Paleoclimate cycles and tectonic controls on fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian strata of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, San Juan Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 73, 1153–1154.
  • EDMUND, A. G. 1960. Tooth replacement phenomena in the lower vertebrates. Life Sciences Museum, Royal Ontario Museum, Contributions, 52, 1–190.
  • EVANS, S. E. 1980. The skull of a new eosuchian reptile from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70, 203–264.
  • EVANS, S. E. 1984. The classification of the Lepidosauria. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 82, 87–100.
  • EVANS, S. E. 1988. The early history and relationships of the Diapsida. 221–260. In BENTON, M. J. (ed.). The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 392 pp.
  • EVANS, S. E. 1992. A sphenodontian (Reptilia: Lepidosauria) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie, Monatshefte, 1992, 449–457.
  • EVANS, S. E. 2003. At the feet of the dinosaurs: the early history and radiation of lizards. Biological Reviews, 78, 513–551.
  • EVANS, S. E. and KERMACK, K. A. 1994. Assemblages of small tetrapods from the Early Jurassic of Britain. 271–283. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
  • EVANS, S. E. and MILNER, A. R. 1994. Middle Jurassic microvertebrate assemblages from the British Isles. 303–321. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
  • EVANS, S. E., PRASAD, G. V. R. and MANHAS, B. K. 2001. Rhynchocephalians (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133, 309–334.
  • EVANS, S. E., PRASAD, G. V. R. and MANHAS, B. K. 2002. Fossil lizards from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 299–312.
  • FRASER, N. C. 1982. A new rhynchocephalian from the British Upper Trias. Palaeontology, 25, 709–725.
  • FRASER, N. C. 1986. New Triassic sphenodontids from south-west England and a review of their classification. Palaeontology, 29, 165–186.
  • FRASER, N. C. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 321, 125–178.
  • FRASER, N. C. 1993. A new sphenodontian from the early Mesozoic of England and North America: implications for correlating early Mesozoic continental deposits. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 3, 135–139.
  • FRASER, N. C. 1994. Assemblages of small tetrapods from British Late Triassic fissure deposits. 214–226. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
  • FRASER, N. C. and BENTON, M. J. 1989. The Triassic reptiles Brachyrhinodon and Polysphenodon and the relationships of the sphenodontids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 96, 413–445.
  • GAUTHIER, J. 1994. The diversification of the amniotes. 129–159. In SPENCER, R. S. (ed.) Major features of vertebrate evolution. The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, 270 pp.
  • GAUTHIER, J., ESTES, R. and DE QUIEROZ, K. 1988. A phylogenetic analysis of Lepidosauromorpha. 15–98. In ESTES, R. and PREGILL, G. (eds). Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 648 pp.
  • GOLDSTEIN, B. S., TRINH, T., TRINH, T., HARGRAVE, E. and DEMKO, T. M. 1996. Geologic and stratigraphic setting of the Coelophysis quarry, Ghost Ranch, northern New Mexico: a reassessment. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, Rocky Mountain Section, 28 (5), 119.
  • GÜNTER, A. 1867. Contribution to the anatomy of Hatteria (Rhynchocephalus, Owen). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 157, 595–629.
  • HAECKEL, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin, 462 pp.
  • HARGRAVE, E. V., GOLDSTEIN, B. S., TRINH, T. and TRINH, T. 1996. Paleomagnetism of the Chinle Formation at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico: age constraints for Coelophysis bauri. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 28, 72.
  • HARRIS, J. D. and DOWNS, A. 2002. A drepanosaurid pectoral girdle from the Ghost Ranch (Whitaker) Coelophysis quarry (Chinle Group, Rock Point Formation, Rhaetian), New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 70–75.
  • HARRIS, J. D., LUCAS, S. G. and HECKERT, A. B. 1999. Preliminary analysis of sphenodontian (Lepidosauria) diversity in the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, southwestern USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (No. 3), 49A.
  • HARSHBARGER, J. W., REPENNING, C. A. and IRWIN, J. H. 1957. Stratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic and the Jurassic rocks of the Navajo Country. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 291, 1–74.
  • HECKERT, A. B. 2004. Late Triassic microvertebrates from the lower Chinle Group (Otischalkian–Adamanian: Carnian), southwestern USA. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 27, 1–170.
  • HECKERT, A. B. and LUCAS, S. G. 2000. Global correlation of the Triassic theropod record. Gaia, 15, 63–74.
  • HECKERT, A. B. and LUCAS, S. G. 2006. Micro- and small vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, southwestern USA. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 37, 94–104.
  • HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G., HUNT, A. P. and HARRIS, J. D. 2001. A giant phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) skull from the Redonda Formation (Upper Triassic: Apachean) of east-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 52, 171–178.
  • HEDGES, S. B. and POLING, L. L. 1999. A molecular phylogeny of reptiles. Science, 283, 998–1001.
  • HUBER, P., LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 1993. Late Triassic fish assemblages of the North American Western Interior. Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin, 59, 51–66.
  • HUENE, F. von 1910. Über einen echten Rhynchocephalen aus der Trias von Elgin, Brachyrhinodon taylori. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palontologie, 2, 29–62.
  • HUENE, F. VON 1912. Der zweite Fund des Rhynchocephalen Brachyrhinodon in Elgin. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palontologie, 1912, 51–57.
  • HUENE, F. VON 1929. Über Rhynchosaurier und andere Reptilien aus den Gondwana–Ablagerungen Südamerikas. Geologische und Palontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge, 17, 1–62.
  • HUNGERBÜHLER, A. 2002. The Late Triassic phytosaur Mystriosuchus westphali, with a revision of the genus. Palaeontology, 45, 377–418.
  • HUNT, A. P. and LUCAS, S. G. 1993a. A new phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) genus from the uppermost Triassic of the western United States and its biochronological significance. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 3, 193–196.
  • HUNT, A. P. and LUCAS, S. G. 1993b. Stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), Chama Basin, north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 2, 61–69.
  • HUNT, A. P. and LUCAS, S. G. 1993c. Triassic vertebrate paleontology and biochronology of New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 2, 49–60.
  • HUNT, A. P., LUCAS, S. G. and SPIELMANN, J. A. 2005. The holotype specimen of Vancleavea campi from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, with notes on the taxonomy and distribution of the taxon. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 29, 59–66.
  • HUNT, A. P., HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G. and DOWNS, A. 2002. The distribution of the enigmatic reptile Vancleavea in the Upper Triassic Chinle Group of the western United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 21, 269–273.
  • JAEKEL, O. 1911. Die Wirbeltiere: Eine Übersicht über die fossilen und lebenden Formen. Borntraeger, Berlin, 252 pp.
  • JONES, M. E. H. 2006a. The Early Jurassic clevosaurs from China (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 37, 548–562.
  • JONES, M. E. H. 2006b. Tooth diversity and function in the Rhynchocephalia (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). 55–58. In BARRETT, P. M. and EVANS, S. E. (eds). Ninth International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. Natural History Museum, London, xiv + 187 pp.
  • KAYE, F. T. and PADIAN, K. 1994. Microvertebrates from the Placerias quarry: a window on Late Triassic vertebrate diversity in the American Southwest. 171–196. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
  • KIRBY, R. A. 1989. Late Triassic vertebrate localities of the Owl Rock Member (Chinle Formation) in the Wards Terrace area of northern Arizona. 12–28. In LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. (eds). Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM, 414 pp., 9 pls.
  • KIRBY, R. A. 1991. A vertebrate fauna from the Upper Triassic Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation in northern Arizona. Unpublished MS thesis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 476 pp.
  • KONING, D. J., KELLEY, S., ZEIGLER, K. E. and LUCAS, S. G. 2006. Geologic map of the Ghost Ranch 7.5-minute quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM, Open-File Geologic Map Series.
  • LONG, R. A. and MURRY, P. A. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 4, 254 pp.
  • LUCAS, S. G. 1993. The Chinle Group: revised stratigraphy and biochronology of Upper Triassic strata in the western United States. Museum of Northern Arizona, Bulletin, 59, 27–50.
  • LUCAS, S. G. 1997. The Upper Triassic Chinle Group, western United States, nonmarine standard for Late Triassic time. 200–228. In DICKINS, J. M., YANG, Z., YIN, H., LUCAS, S. G. and ACHARYYA, S. K. (eds). Permo-Triassic of the Circum-Pacific. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 255 pp.
  • LUCAS, S. G. 1998. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 143, 347–384.
  • LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 1992. Triassic stratigraphy and paleontology, Chama Basin and adjacent areas, north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 43, 151–167.
  • LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 1993. Tetrapod biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), western United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 3, 327–329.
  • LUCAS, S. G. and TANNER, L. H. 2007. Tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Triassic–Jurassic transition on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244, 242–256.
  • LUCAS, S. G., HECKERT, A. B., ESTEP, J. W. and ANDERSON, O. J. 1997. Stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, Four Corners region. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 48, 81–107.
  • LUCAS, S. G., SPIELMANN, J. A. and HUNT, A. P. 2007. Taxonomy of Shuvosaurus, a Late Triassic archosaur from the Chinle Group, American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 41, 259–261.
  • LUCAS, S. G., ZEIGLER, K. E., HECKERT, A. B. and HUNT, A. P. 2003. Upper Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, Chama Basin, north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 24, 15–39.
  • LUCAS, S. G., ZEIGLER, K. E., HECKERT, A. B. and HUNT, A. P. 2005. Review of Upper Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy in the Chama Basin, northern New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 56, 170–181.
  • MESZOELY, C. A. M., JENKINS, F. A. Jr and SCHAFF, C. R. 1987. Early Jurassic sphenodontids from northeastern Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7 (No. 3), 21A.
  • MURRY, P. A. 1982. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Dockum Group, Triassic of Texas. Unpublished PhD thesis, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 459 pp.
  • MURRY, P. A. 1986. Vertebrate paleontology of the Dockum Group, western Texas and eastern New Mexico. 109–137. In PADIAN, K. (ed.). The beginning of the age of dinosaurs: faunal change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 378 pp.
  • MURRY, P. A. 1987. New reptiles from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Arizona. Journal of Paleontology, 61, 773–786.
  • MURRY, P. A. 1989a. Geology and paleontology of the Dockum Formation (Upper Triassic), West Texas and eastern New Mexico. 102–148. In LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. (eds). Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM, 414 pp., 9 pls.
  • MURRY, P. A. 1989b. Microvertebrate fossils from the Petrified Forest and Owl Rock members (Chinle Formation) in Petrified Forest National Park and vicinity, Arizona. 249–277. In LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. (eds). Dawn of the Age of Dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM, 414 pp., 9 pls.
  • NESBITT, S. J. 2007. The anatomy of Effigia okeeffeae (Archosauria, Suchia), theropod-like convergence, and the distribution of related taxa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 302, 84.
  • NESBITT, S. J. and NORELL, M. A. 2005. Extreme convergence in the body plans of an early suchian (Archosauria) and ornithomimid dinosaurs (Theropoda). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, 273, 1045–1048.
  • NESBITT, S. J., TURNER, A. H., ERICKSON, G. M. and NORELL, M. A. 2006. Prey choice and cannibalistic behaviour in the theropod Coelophysis. Biology Letters, 2006, 1–4.
  • O’SULLIVAN, R. B. 1974. The Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 25, 171–178.
  • O’SULLIVAN, R. B. 1977. Triassic rocks in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and adjacent areas. New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook, 28, 139–146.
  • OSBORN, H. F. 1903. The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 1, 449–507.
  • PIERCE, M., RINEHART, L. F., HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 2004. Rotation of an Upper Triassic Ghost Ranch, New Mexico Whitaker (Coelophysis) quarry block: turning over a fragile 12,000 lb rock. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24, 101–102.
  • RENESTO, S. 1995. A sphenodontid from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Lombardy (northern Italy): a preliminary note. Modern Geology, 20, 149–158.
  • RENESTO, S. 2003. New data on the anatomy and biogeography of the Drepanosauridae. Rivista del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali ‘Enrico Caffi’, 22, 65–66.
  • REYNOSO, V.-H. 1996. A Middle Jurassic Sphenodon-like sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 210–221.
  • REYNOSO, V.-H. 2003. Growth patterns and ontogenetic variation of the teeth and jaws of the Middle Jurassic sphenodontian Cynosphenodon huizachalensis (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40, 609–619.
  • REYNOSO, V.-H. 2005. Possible evidence of a venom apparatus in a Middle Jurassic sphenodontian from the Huizachal red beds of Tamaulipas, México. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25, 646–654.
  • REYNOSO, V.-H. and CLARK, J. M. 1998. A dwarf sphenodontian from the Jurassic La Boca Formation of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 333–339.
  • RINEHART, L. F., HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 2004a. Microstratigraphy and fauna of a single block from the Late Triassic Whitaker (Coelophysis) quarry (Rock Point Formation: Chinle Group), north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geology, 26, 74.
  • RINEHART, L. F., HECKERT, A. B., LUCAS, S. G. and HUNT, A. P. 2004b. Taphonomic implications of the microstratigraphy and fauna of a single block from the Late Triassic Whitaker (Coelophysis) Quarry (Rock Point Formation: Chinle Group), north-central New Mexico. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 36, 64.
  • ROBINSON, P. L. 1976. How Sphenodon and Uromastyx grow their teeth and use them. 43–67. In BELLAIRS, A. D. A. and COX, C. B. (eds). Morphology and biology of reptiles. Linnean Society Symposium Series, Academic Press, London, 290 pp.
  • ROWE, T. and GAUTHIER, J. 1990. Ceratosauria. 151–168. In WEISHAMPEL, D. B., DODSON, P. and OSMÓLSKA, H. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 733 pp.
  • SÄILÄ, L. K. 2005. A new species of the sphenodontian reptile Clevosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Palaeontology, 48, 817–831.
  • SCHAEFFER, B. 1967. Late Triassic fishes from the western United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 135, 287–342.
  • SCHWARTZ, H. and GILLETTE, D. D. 1994. Geology and taphonomy of the Coelophysis quarry, Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 68, 1118–1130.
  • SENTER, P. 2004. Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2, 257–268.
  • SIGOGNEAU-RUSSELL, D. and HAHN, G. 1994. Late Triassic microvertebrates from central Europe. 197–213. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
  • SMITH, C. T., BUDDING, A. J. and PITRAT, C. W. 1961. Geology of the southeastern part of the Chama Basin. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin, 75, 1–57.
  • SMITH, J. B. and DODSON, P. 2003. A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 1–12.
  • STEWART, J. H., POOLE, F. G. and WILSON, R. F. 1972. Stratigraphy and origin of the Chinle Formation and related Upper Triassic strata in the Colorado Plateau region. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 690, 336.
  • SUES, H.-D. and BAIRD, D. 1993. A skull of a sphenodontian lepidosaur from the New Haven Arkose (Upper Triassic: Norian) of Connecticut. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13, 370–372.
  • SUES, H.-D. and REISZ, R. R. 1995. First record of the early Mesozoic sphenodontian Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Paleontology, 69, 123–126.
  • SUES, H.-D., SHUBIN, N. H. and OLSEN, P. E. 1994. A new sphenodontian (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the McCoy Brook Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14, 327–340.
  • SULLIVAN, R. M., LUCAS, S. G., HECKERT, A. B. and HUNT, A. P. 1996. The type locality of Coelophysis, a Late Triassic dinosaur from north-central New Mexico (U.S.A). Palontologische Zeitschrift, 70, 245–255.
  • TANNER, L. H. 2000. Palustrine-lacustrine and alluvial facies of the (Norian) Owl Rock Formation (Chinle Group) Four Corners region, southwestern U.S.A: implications for Late Triassic paleoclimate. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70, 1280–1289.
  • TRINH, T. A., TRINH, T. A., GOLDSTEIN, B. S. and DEMKO, T. M. 1996. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and paleontology of the Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, New Mexico: paleoenvironmental interpretation. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 28, 118–119.
  • TYKOSKI, R. S. and ROWE, T. 2004. Ceratosauria. 47–70. In WEISHAMPEL, D. B., DODSON, P. and OSMÓLSKA, H. (eds). The Dinosauria. Second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 861 pp.
  • WHITESIDE, D. I. 1986. The head skeleton of the Rhaetian sphenodontid Diphydontosaurus avonis gen. et sp. nov. and the modernizing of a living fossil. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 312, 379–430.
  • WILKINSON, M. and BENTON, M. J. 1996. Sphenodontid phylogeny and the problems of multiple trees. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 351, 1–16.
  • WILLISTON, S. W. 1925. The osteology of the reptiles. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 300 pp.
  • WU, X.-C. 1994. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic sphenodontians from China and the phylogeny of the Sphenodontia. 38–69. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 438 pp.
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5ax | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+