Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: The Late Triassic black shales of the Guanling area, Guizhou Province, South-West China: a unique marine reptile and pelagic crinoid fossil Lagerstätte

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 51
Part: 1
Publication Date: January 2008
Page(s): 27 – 61
Author(s): Wang Xiaofeng, Gerhard H. Bachmann, Hans Hagdorn, P. Martin Sander, Gilles Cuny, Chen Xiaohong, Wang Chuanshang, Chen Lide, Cheng Long, Meng Fansong and Xu Guanghong
Addition Information

How to Cite

XIAOFENG, W., BACHMANN, G. H., HAGDORN, H., SANDER, P., CUNY, G., XIAOHONG, C., CHUANSHANG, W., LIDE, C., LONG, C., FANSONG, M., GUANGHONG, X. 2008. The Late Triassic black shales of the Guanling area, Guizhou Province, South-West China: a unique marine reptile and pelagic crinoid fossil Lagerstätte. Palaeontology, 51, 1, 27–61.

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • AIGNER, T., SCHAUER, M., JUNGHANS, W.-D. and REINHARDT, L. 1995. Outcrop gamma-ray logging and its applications: examples from the Germanic Triassic. Sedimentary Geology, 100, 47–61.
  • BERNER, R. A. 2004. The Phanerozoic carbon cycle: CO2 and O2. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 158 pp.
  • BRACK, P., MUNDIL, R., MUTTONI, G., RIEBER, H. and SCHATZ, W. 2002. Anisian/Ladinian boundary successions in the southern Alps: a review and integration of litho-, magneto-, chronostratigraphic results from the last decade. STS (IUGC Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy) Meeting, Veszprem, Hungary, Abstracts, pp. 18–20.
  • BRANDNER, R. 1984. Meerespiegelschwankungen und Tektonik in der Trias der NW-Tethys. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 126, 435–475.
  • CHANG MEEMAN and MIAO DESUI 2004. An overview of Mesozoic fishes in Asia. 535–563. In ARRATIA, G. and TINTORI, A. (eds). Mesozoic Fishes 3 – Systematics, paleoenvironments and biodiversity. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, 649 pp.
  • CHEN CHUZHEN, LI WENBEN and MA QINGHONG 1979. Triassic strata of SW China. 289–236. In NANJING INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY (ed.). Carbonate biostratigraphy of SW China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [In Chinese].
  • CHEN HUIMING, CHEN LIDE, WANG XIAOFENG and CHEN XIAOHONG 2003. Discovery of Middle–Upper Triassic holothurian sclerites from Yongning, Guanling, Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 266–270. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHEN JINHUA, WANG YUMAO, WU QINGRONG, LI LINBAO, ZHAO RONGDE and CHEN HAICHOU 1992. A study of bivalve zonal succession from upper part of Middle Triassic in northwest Guangxi, S. China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 31, 403–421. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHEN LIDE and CUNY, G. 2003. Discovery of the Middle–Late Triassic elasmobranch ichthyoliths from the Guanling area, Guizhou, SW China. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 236–247. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHEN LIDE and WANG CHENGYUAN 2002. Triassic conodonts from the Zhuganpo and “Wayao” Formation of Guizhou, south-west China. Acta Palaontologica Sinica, 41, 349–360. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHEN XIAOHONG and CHENG LONG 2003. A new species of large-sized and long-body ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Guanling biota, Guizhou, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 228–235. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHEN XIAOHONG, CHEN LIDE and WANG CHUANSHANG 2003. Taphonomic environment and ecological characteristics of the Guanling biota, Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 278–285. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHENG LONG 2003. A new species of Triassic Thalattosauria from Guanling, Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 274–277. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • CHENG LONG, WINGS, O., CHEN XIAOHONG and SANDER, P. M. 2006. Gastroliths in the Triassic ichthyosaur Panjiangsaurus from China. Journal of Paleontology, 80, 583–588.
  • CHENG YENNIEN, WU XIAOCHUN and JI QIANG 2004. Triassic marine reptiles gave birth to live young. Nature, 432, 383–386.
  • CHINESE COMMISSION OF GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (CCGGI) (ed.) 1956. Regional stratigraphic scheme in China. Science Press, Beijing, 230 pp. [In Chinese].
  • CHINESE COMMITTEE OF STRATIGRAPHY (CCS) 2002. Caption of regional stratigraphic chart of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 72 pp. [In Chinese].
  • DITTMAR, A. von 1866. Zur Fauna der Hallsttter Kalke. Geognostisch-Palontologische Beitrge, 1, 319–398.
  • DOBRUSKINA, I. A. 1982. Triassic flora of Europe. Transactions of the Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 365, 1–196. [In Russian].
  • DONG WEIPING, LIN SHUJI, CHEN YULIN, YIN GONGZHEN, JIAO HUILIANG, WANG KEWU, WANG HONGDI, GAN XIUMING, ZHANG JIHUI and XU HAO 1997. Stratigraphy (lithostratigraphy) of Guizhou Province. Multiple classification of the stratigraphy of China. China University of Geosciences Press, Beijing, 305 pp. [In Chinese].
  • GUIZHOU BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES (GBGMR) 1987. Regional geology of Guizhou Province. Geological Memoirs (Geological Publishing House, Beijing) 1, 1–698. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • HAGDORN, H. 1995. Literaturbericht Triassic crinoids. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Palontologie, 1995, 1–22.
  • HAGDORN, H. 1998. Traumatocrinus, eine lang verkannte Seelilie aus der Trias. Fossillien, Zeitschrift für Hobbypalontologen, 15, 269–275.
  • HAGDORN, H. 2001. Traumatocrinus, ein hoch spezialisierter Vertreter der Encrinida. Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beitrge, 9, 12–14.
  • HAGDORN, H. 2004. Cassianocrinus varians (Münster, 1841) aus der Cassian-Formation (Trias, Oberladin/Unterkarn) der Dolomiten – ein Bindeglied zwischen Encrinidae und Traumatocrinidae (Crinoidea, Articulata). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 105A, 231–255.
  • HAGDORN, H., BACHMANN, G. H., CUNY, G. and WANG XIAOFENG 2002. Paloökologie und Taphonomie von Traumatocrinus aus dem Unterkarn von Guanling (Guizhou, Süd-China). 2. Treffen Deutschsprachiger Echinodermologen am Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Programm und Abstracts, 4–6.
  • HAGDORN, H., WANG XIAOFENG, BACHMANN, G. H., CUNY, G., SANDER, P. M. and WANG CHUANSHANG 2004. Kolonien der pelagischen Seelilie Traumatocrinus aus der obertriassischen Xiaowa-Formation von Guanling (Süd-China, Provinz Guizhou). 17–30. In REICH, M., HAGDORN, H. and REITNER, J. (eds). Stachelhuter 2004. 3. Arbeitstreffen deutschsprachiger Echinodermenforscher, Ingelfingen, 29–31 Oktober 2004. Universittsdrucke Göttingen, Göttingen, 77 pp.
  • HAGDORN, H., WANG XIAOFENG and WANG CHUANSHANG 2005. Taphonomie und Erhaltung pseudoplanktonischer Seelilien aus der Trias Süd- Chinas. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften, B, 19, 169–184.
  • HAGDORN, H., WANG XIAOFENG and WANG CHUANSHANG 2007. Palaeoecology of the pseudoplanktonic Triassic crinoid Traumatocrinus from southwest China.Palaeoclimatology, Palaeobiogeography, Palaeoecology, 247, 189–196.
  • HESS, H. 1999. Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of southern Germany. 183–196. In HESS, H., AUSICH, W. I., BRETT, C. E. and SIMMS, M. J. (eds). Fossil crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 275 pp.
  • HSÜ, K., SUN SHU, LI JILIANG, CHEN HAIHONG, PEN HAIPO and SENGOR, A. M. C. 1988. Mesozoic overthrust tectonics in South China. Geology, 16, 418–421.
  • HSÜ TEYOU 1940. Some Triassic sections of Kueichow. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 20, 161–177.
  • HSÜ TEYOU and CHEN KIONG 1944. Triassic in South Kueichow. Review of Geology, 9, 13–33. [In Chinese].
  • HUANG, K. and OPDYKE, N. D. 1996. Paleomagnetism of Middle Triassic red beds from Hubei and north-western Hunan provinces, South China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 143, 63–79.
  • JIANG DAYONG, MAISCH, M. W., SUN YUANLIN, MATZKE, A. T. and HAO WEICHENG 2004. A new species of Xinpusaurus (Thalattosauria) from Upper Triassic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24, 80–88.
  • KELBER, K.-P. 2005. Makroflora. Die Keuperfloren. 32–41. In DEUTSCHE STRATIGRAPHISCHE KOMMISSION (ed.). Stratigraphie von Deutschland IV. Keuper. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 253, 296 pp.
  • KLIKUSHIN, V. G. 1983. The Triassic crinoids of northern Afghanistan. Palaeontologichesky Zhurnal, 1983 (4), 81–90. [In Russian].
  • KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, E. 1970. Die Osteocrinusfazies, ein Leithorizont von Schwebcrinoiden im Oberladin–Unterkarn der Tethys. Erdöl und Kohle, 23, 781–789.
  • KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, E. 1977. Zur Gattungsunterscheidung und Rekonstruktion der triadischen Schwebcrinoiden. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 51, 185–198.
  • KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, E. 1991. Echinoderms from the Middle Triassic Sina Formation (Aghdarband Group) in NE Iran. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien, 38, 175–194.
  • KRISTAN-TOLLMANN, E. and TOLLMANN, A. 1983. Überregionale Züge der Tethys in Schichtenfolge und Fauna am Beispiel der Trias zwischen Europa und Femost, speziell China. 177–230. In ZAPFE, H. (ed.). Neue Beitrge zur Biostratigraphie der Tethys-Trias. Springer, Wien, 294 pp.
  • LEHRMANN, D. J., ENOS, P., PAYNE, J. L., MONTGOMERY, P., WIE, J., YU, Y., XIAO, J. and ORCHARD, M. J. 2005. Permian and Triassic depositional history of the Yangtze Platform and Great Bank of Guizhou in the Nanpanjiang Basin of Guizhou and Guangxi, South China. Albertiana, 33, 149–168.
  • LI CHUN 1999. Ichthyosaur from Guizhou, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44, 1318–1321. [In Chinese].
  • LI CHUN 2000. Placodont (Reptila: Placodontia) from Upper Triassic of Guizhou, south-west China. Vertebrata PalAsiaica, 38, 314–317. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • LI CHUN and RIEPPEL, O. 2002. A new cyamodontoid placodont from Triassic of Guizhou, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47, 403–407 [In Chinese].
  • LI CHUN, RIEPPEL, O. and LABARBERA, M. C. 2004. A Triassic aquatic protorosaur with an extremely long neck. Science, 305, 1931.
  • LI CHUN and YOU HAILU 2002. Cymbospondylus from the Upper Triassic of Guizhou, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 40, 9–16.
  • LI JINLING 2001. Triassic marine reptiles from Guizhou, China. 59–60. In YANJIAXIN and PENGYUANQIAO (eds). Proceedings of International Symposium on the global stratotype of the Permian-Triassic boundary and the Paleozoic–Mesozoic event, Abstracts. Changxin, Zhejiang, 130 pp.
  • LI JINLING, LIU JUN and LI CHUN 2000. New marine reptiles from Guizhou. 114–120. In SHAJINGENG and ZHUMING (eds). Innovator’s Report, No. 5, Academic papers of studies on palaeontology. Science Press, Beijing, 236 pp. [In Chinese].
  • LI XUBING, MENG FANSONG and WANG CHUANSHANG 2004. Palaeoecological characteristics of fossil bivalves from the Guanling biota in Guizhou. Geology in China, 32, 41–47. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • LIU BAOJUN and XU XIAOSONG 1994. Lithofacies and palaeogeographic atlas of South China (Sinian to Triassic). Science Press, Beijing, 188 pp. [In Chinese].
  • LIU GUANBANG, YIN GONGZHENG, LUO YONGMING, WANG XUEHUA and WANG SHANGYAN 2006. Preliminary examination of fish fossils from Upper Triassic Wayao Member of Falang Formation in Guanling of Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 45, 1–20. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • LIU JUN 1999. New discovery of sauropterygian from Triassic of Guizhou, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44, 1315–1317. [In Chinese].
  • LIU JUN and RIEPPEL, O. 2001. The second thalattosaur from the Triassic of Guizhou, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 39, 77–87.
  • LIU JUN and RIEPPEL, O. 2005. Restudy of Anshunsaurus hunagguoshuensis (Reptilia: Thalattosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou, China. American Museum Novitates, 3488, 1–34.
  • LUO RONGMING and YU RONGYI 2002. Restudy of Xinpusaurus suni Ying, 2000. Guizhou Geology, 19, 71–75. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • MAISCH, M. W. and MATZKE, A. T. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beitrge zur Naturkunde, Serie B, 298, 1–159.
  • McGOWAN, C. and MOTANI, R. 2003. Handbook of paleoherpetology. Part 8. Ichthyopterygia. Pfeil, Munich, 175 pp.
  • MENG FANSONG, LI XUBING, ZHANG ZHENLAI and CHEN HUIMING 2003. Discovery of intact fossil plants in the Guanling biota in Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 271–273. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • MENG FANSONG, ZHANG ZHENLAI, NIU ZHIJUN and CHEN DAYOU 2000. Primitive lycopsid flora in the Yangtze Valley of China and systematics and evolution of Isoetales. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 107 pp. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • METCALFE, I. 1998. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic geological evolution of the SE Asia region: multidisciplinary constraints and implications for biogeography. 25–41. In HALL, R. and HOLLOWAY, J. D. (eds). Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys, Amsterdam, 417 pp.
  • METCALFE, I. 1999. Late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic evolution and paleogeography of eastern Tethys. 143–145. In YIN, H. and TONG, J. (eds). Proceedings of the International Conference on Pangea and the Paleozoic-Mesozoic Transition. China University of Geosciences Press, Wuhan, 175 pp.
  • MOORE, R. C., LANE, N. G., STRIMPLE, H. L., SPRINKLE, J. and FAY, R. O. 1978. Inadunata. 520–759. In MOORE, R. C. and TEICHERT, C. (eds). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Vol. 2. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS, 403–412 pp.
  • MU, A. T. 1949. On discovery of the crown of Traumatocrinus. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 29, 85–92.
  • NICHOLLS, E. L., CHEN WEI and MANABE, M. 2002. New material of Qianichthyosaurus Li 1999 (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Late Triassic of southern China, and implications for the distribution of Triassic ichthyosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, 759–765.
  • NICHOLLS, E. L. and BRINKMAN, D. 1993. New thalattosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Wapiti Lake, British Columbia. Journal of Paleontology, 67, 263–278.
  • OGG, J. G. 2002. Overview of global boundary stratotype sections and points (GSSPs). Journal of Stratigraphy, 27, 11–18.
  • OGG, J. G. 2004. The Triassic Period. 271–306. In GRADSTEIN, F., OGG, J. G. and SMITH, A. (eds). A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 589 pp.
  • ORCHARD, M. J. 1991. Upper Triassic conodont biochronology and new index species from the Canadian Cordilera. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 417, 299–335.
  • RIEPPEL, O. 1999. The sauropterygian genera Chinchenia, Kwangsisaurus and Sanchioasaurus from the Lower and Middle Triassic of China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19, 321–337.
  • RIEPPEL, O. and LIU JUN 2006. On Xinpusaurus (Reptilia: Thalattosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, 200–204.
  • RIEPPEL, O., LIU JUN and BUCHER, H. 2000. The first record of a thalattosaur reptile from the Late Triassic of southern China (Guizhou Province, P. R. China). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20, 507–514.
  • RIEPPEL, O., LI JINLING and LIU JUN 2003. Lariosaurus xingyiensis (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Triassic of China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 40, 621–634.
  • RIEPPEL, O., MÜLLER, J. and LIU JUN 2005. Rostral structure in Thalattosauria (Reptilia, Diapsida). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, 2081–2096.
  • Sander, P. M. 2000. Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution, and phylogeny. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 74, 1–35.
  • SCHÄFER, W. and CRAIG, G. Y. 1972. Ecology and paleoecology of marine environments. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 568 pp.
  • SCHATZ, W. 2005. Palaeoecology of the Triassic black shale bivalve Daonella– new insights into an old controversy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 216, 189–202.
  • SCHLAGER, W. and SCHOELLNBERGER, W. 1974. Das Prinzip stratigraphischer Wenden in der Schichtfolge der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien, 1974, 165–193.
  • SCOTESE, C. R. 2001. Atlas of earth history. Paleomap Project, Department of Geology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 52 pp.
  • SEILACHER, A. 1970. Begriff und Bedeutung der Fossil-Lagersttten. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie, Monatshefte, 1970, 34–39.
  • SEILACHER, A. 1990. Die Holzmadener Posidonienschiefer: Entstehung der Fossilagersttte und eines Erdölmuttergesteins. 107–131. In WEIDERT, W. K. (ed.). Klassische Fundstellen der Palontologie. Band 2. Goldschneck Verlag, Korb, 256 pp.
  • SEILACHER, A. and HAUFF, R. B. 2004. Constructional morphology of pelagic crinoids. Palaios, 19, 3–16.
  • SEILACHER, A., ANDALIB, F., DIETL, G. and GOCHT, H. 1976. Preservational history of compressed Jurassic ammonites from southern Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie, Abhandlungen, 152, 275–282.
  • SEILACHER, A., DROZDESKI, G. and HAUDE, R. 1968. Form and function of the stem in a pseudoplanctonic crinoid (Seirocrinus). Palaeontology, 11, 275–282.
  • SIMMS, M. J. 1986. Contrasting lifestyles in Lower Jurassic crinoids: a comparison of benthic and pseudopelagic Isocrinida. Palaeontology, 29, 475–493.
  • SIMMS, M. J. 1999. Pentacrinites from the Lower Jurassic of the Dorset coast of southern England. 177–182. In HESS, H., AUSICH, W. I., BRETT, C. E. and SIMMS, M. J. (eds). Fossil crinoids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 275 pp.
  • SU, T.-T. 1959. Triassic fishes from Kueichow, south-west China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 3, 206–212. [In Chinese].
  • SUN GE, MENG FANSONG, QIAN LIJUN and OU YANGSHU 1995. Triassic floras. 305–342. In LIXINGXUE (ed.). Fossil floras of China through the geological ages. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, 695 pp.
  • SUN SHU, LI JILANG, CHEN HAIHONG, PENG HAIPO, HSÜ, K. J. and SHELTON, J. W. 1989. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary history of South China. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 73, 1247–1269.
  • SUN ZUOYU, HAO WEICHENG and JIANG DAORONG 2005. Conodont biostratigraphy near the Ladinian-Carnian boundary interval in Guanling of Guizhou. Journal of Stratigraphy, 29, 257–263, 2 pls. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • TISSOT, B. P. and WELTE, D. H. 1984. Petroleum formation and occurrence. Springer, Berlin, 699 pp.
  • WANG BAIYAN, BAI ZHIQIANG, HAO WEICHENG, SUN YUANLIN and JIANG DAYONG 2002. A new crinoid species from the Wayao Formation of the Late Triassic in Guizhou Province. Geoscience, 16, 232–236.
  • WANG CHUANSHANG, WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG and CHEN LIDE 2003. Restudy of the crinoids Traumatocrinus of the Guanling biota, Guizhou. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 248–253. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WANG LITING 2000. General condition from studying of thalassophile reptiles in the Middle–Upper Triassic of Guizhou. Guizhou Geology, 17, 27–29. [In Chinese].
  • WANG LITING, LI JINLING, WANG XINJIN, LI CHUN, WU TIANZHUANG and LIU JUN 2001. Biostratigraphy of Triassic marine reptiles in south-west Guizhou and its adjacent area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75, 349–353. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, METCALFE, I., JIAN PING, HE LONGQING and WANG CHUANSHANG 2000a. The Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan suture zone, China: tectonostratigraphy, age and evolution. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 18, 675–690.
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, WANG CHUANSHANG, CHEN LIDE, MENG FANSONG and ZHANG ZHENLAI 2000b. Feature of the Guanling biological group and scientific significance. Chinese Geology, 28, 6–10. [In Chinese].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, XU GUANHONG, MENG FANSONG, CHEN LIDE, ZHANG ZHENGLAI, CHEN HUIMING, WANG CHUANSHANG and CHEN LONG 2002a. A rare and valuable biota – the Guanling biota. 164–165. In BROCK, G. A. and TALENT, J. A. (eds). First International Palaeontological Congress, Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts. Sydney, 297 pp.
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, XU GUANHONG, CHEN LIDE, WANG CHUANSHANG, MENG FANSONG and ZHANG ZHENLAI 2002b. A rare precious biota – the Guanling biota. 242–253. In CHENYUCHUAN (ed.). 80th Anniversary of the Geological Society of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 770 pp. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, CHEN LIDE, XU GUANGHONG, WANG CHUANSHANG and CHENG LONG 2003a. The Guanling biota – a unique “Fossillagersttte” in the world. Geology in China, 30, 20–35. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, CHEN LIDE, XU GUANGHONG, WANG CHUANSHANG and CHENG LONG 2003b. Study of the Guanling biota in Guizhou: progress and problems. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 221–227. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, CHEN XIAOHONG, CHEN LIDE, XU GUANGHONG, WANG CHUANSHANG and CHENG LONG 2004. Guanling biota – a window probing the secrets of the oceanic biological world, 200 million years ago. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 120 pp. [In Chinese].
  • WANG XIAOFENG, HAGDORN, H. and WANG CHUANSHANG 2006. Pseudoplanktonic lifestyle of the Triassic crinoid Traumatocrinus from southwest China. Lethaia, 39, 187–193.
  • WANG YANGENG, WANG LITING and WANG SHANGYAN 2000. Discussion on Guanling fauna and its significance in Guizhou, China. Guizhou Geology, 17, 145–151. [In Chinese].
  • WANG YIGANG 1983. Ammonoids from Falang Formation (Ladinian–E. Carnian) of south-western Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 22, 153–162. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WANG YU, CHEN CHUZENG and LIU LINHUANG 1963. Triassic strata from south-western Guizhou Province. In COMMITTEE ON STRATIGRAPHY OF ALL-CHINA (ed.). Site meeting on stratigraphy in Guizhou Province. Science Press, Beijing, 163 pp. [In Chinese].
  • WARD, P. 2006 Out of thin air. Dinosaurs, birds, and Earth’s ancient atmosphere. Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC, 282 pp.
  • WEI JIAYONG, LIAO NENGMAO and YU YONGYI 1996. Triassic transgressive-regressive sequences in Guizhou-Guangxi region, South China. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 7, 112–121.
  • WIGNALL, P. B. and SIMMS, M. J. 1990. Pseudoplankton. Palaeontology, 33, 359–378.
  • WÖHRMANN, S. 1889. Die Fauna der sogenannten Cardita- und Raibler Schichten in den Nordtiroler und bayerischen Alpen. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 39, 181–258.
  • WU HAORUO 2003. Discussion on the tectonic palaeogeography of Nanpanjiang Sea in the Late Paleozoic and Triassic. Journal of Palaeogeography, 5, 63–75. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • WU XIANGWU 1982. Fossil plants from the Upper Triassic Tumengela Formation in Anduo-Baqing area, northern Xizang. 5–62. In THE COMPREHENSIVE SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TEAM TO THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (ed.), Palaeontology of Xizang, V. Science Press, Beijing, 240 pp. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • XU GUANGHONG, NIU ZHIJUN and CHEN HUIMING 2003. Triassic cephalopods from the Zhuganpo and Xiaowa formations in Guanling, Guizhou with a discussion on the age of the Guanling biota. Geological Bulletin of China, 22, 254–265. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • XU REN, ZHU JIANAN, CHEN YE, DUAN SHUYING, HU YUFAN and ZHU WEIQING 1979. Late Triassic Baoding flora, SW Sichuan, China. Science Press, Beijing, 130 pp. [In Chinese].
  • XU XIAOSONG, XU QIANG, PAN GUITANG and LIU QIAOHONG 1996. Paleogeography of the South China continent (SCC) and its contrast with Pangea. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 161 pp. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • YANG RUIDONG and ZHAO YUNLONG 1998. The discovery of a crinoid community in the Late Triassic Zhuganpo Formation of Guizhou Province and its geological significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 72, 329–333. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • YANG SHOUREN, LIU JIANG and ZHANG MINFA 1995. Conodonts from the “Falang Formation” of south-western Guizhou and their age. Journal of Stratigraphy, 19, 161–170. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • YANG ZUNYI and ZHANG SUNXIN 2000. Triassic System. Stratigraphical Lexicon of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 130 pp. [In Chinese].
  • YELTYSHEVA, R. S. and POLYARNAYA, Z. A. 1986. Traumatocrinid findings in Triassic sediments of Novosibirsk Island. 112–116. In OLEINIKOV, A. N. and ZHAMOIDA, A. I. (eds). Parastratigraphic groups of Triassic fauna and flora. Trudy VSEGEI, Novaya Seriya, 334, 284 pp. [In Russian].
  • YIN GONGZHENG, ZHOU XUEGAO, CAO ZETIAN, YU YOUYI and LUO RONGMING 2000. A preliminary study on the early Late Triassic marine reptiles from Guanling, Guizhou. Geology and Geochemistry 28 (3), 1–22. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • YIN HONGFU 1962. The problems of Triassic biostratigraphy in SW Guizhou. Acta Geologica Sinica, 42, 289–306. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • YIN HONGFU 2003. Triassic biostratigraphy in China. 379–422. In ZHANGWENTANG, CHENPEIJI and PALMER, A. R. (eds). Biostratigraphy of China. Science Press, Beijing, 599 pp.
  • YU YOUYI, LUO RONGMING and YIN GONGZHENG 2000. Crinoid from Guanling fauna in Guizhou. Guizhou Geology, 17, 40–44. [In Chinese, English abstract].
  • ZEILLER, R. 1903. Flore fossile des gites de charbon du Tonkin. Etude des Gites Minéraux de la France, Paris, 328 pp.
  • ZENG QINGLUAN 2006. Pseudokoninckina, a new genus of koninckinoid brachiopods from the Zhuganpo Formation of Late Triassic (Carnian), Xinpu area, Guanling, Guizhou, south-western China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 46, 69–76. [In Chinese, English summary].
  • ZHENG, J., HE, X., LIU, S. and LI, Z. 1999. Tertiary System, Stratigraphical lexicon of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 163 pp. [In Chinese].
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/59k | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+