Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: Olenekian (Early Triassic) bivalves from the Salt Range and Surghar Range, Pakistan

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 55
Part: 5
Publication Date: September 2012
Page(s): 1043 1073
Author(s): Martin Wasmer, Michael Hautmann, Elke Hermann, David Ware, Ghazala Roohi, Khalil Ur-Rehman, Aamir Yaseen and Hugo Bucher
Addition Information

How to Cite

WASMER, M., HAUTMANN, M., HERMANN, E., WARE, D., ROOHI, G., UR-REHMAN, K., YASEEN, A., BUCHER, H. 2012. Olenekian (Early Triassic) bivalves from the Salt Range and Surghar Range, Pakistan. Palaeontology55, 5, 1043–1073.

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • ADAMS, H. and ADAMS, A. 1858. The genera of recent Mollusca arranged according to their organization, 2. Bivalvia. John van Voorst, London, 661 pp.
  • ALLASINAZ, A. 1972. Revisione dei Pettinidi Triassici. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 78, 189–428.
  • BEGG, J. G. and CAMPBELL, H. J. 1985. Etalia, a new Middle Triassic (Anisian) bivalve from New Zealand, and its relationship with other pteriomorphs. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 28, 725–741.
  • BEURLEN, K. 1944. Beitrge zur Stammesgeschichte der Muscheln. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, 1, 133–145.
  • BEUSHAUSEN, H. E. L. 1895. Die Lamellibranchiaten des Rheinischen Devon mit Anschluss der Aviculiden. Abhandlungen der königlich-preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, neue Serie, 17, 1–514, pls 1–38.
  • BEYRICH, H. E. 1862. Zwei aus dem deutschen Muschelkalk noch nicht bekannte Avicula-artige Muscheln. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 14, 9–10.
  • BITTNER, A. 1891. Triaspetrefakten von Balia in Kleinasien. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 41, 97–116.
  • BITTNER, A. 1895. Lamellibranchiaten der alpinen Trias. I. Theil: revision der Lamellibranchiaten von Sct. Cassian. Abhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 18, 1–235, pls 1–24.
  • BITTNER, A. 1899. Trias-brachiopoda and lamellibranchiata. Palaeontologia Indica, 15, 1–76, pls 1–12.
  • BITTNER, A. 1901. Lamellibranchiaten aus der Trias des Bakonyer Waldes, Abhandlung 3. 1–107, pls 1–9. In HÖLZEL, E. (ed.). Resultate der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Balatonsees, Band 1, Teil 1, Anhang: Palaeontologie der Umgebung des Balatonsees, Band 2. Balaton-Ausschuss der Ungarischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 107 pp.
  • BOYD, D. W. and NEWELL, N. D. 2002. A unique pterioid bivalve from the Early Triassic of Utah. American Museum Novitates, 3375, 1–9.
  • BRANSON, C. C. 1930. Paleontology and stratigraphy of the phosphoria formation. Missouri University Studies, 5 (2), 1–99.
  • BRAYARD, A. and BUCHER, H. 2008. Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas from northwestern Guangxi (South China): taxonomy and biochronology. Fossils and Strata, 55, 1–179.
  • BRAYARD, A., BUCHER, H., ESCARGUEL, G., FLUTEAU, F., BOURQUIN, S. and GALFETTI, T. 2006. The Early Triassic ammonoid recovery: paleoclimatic significance of diversity gradients. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 239, 374–395.
  • BRAYARD, A., BUCHER, H., BRÜHWILER, T., GALFETTI, T., GOUDEMAND, D., GUODUN, K., ESCARGUEL, G. and JENKS, J. 2007. Proharpoceras Chao: a new ammonoid lineage surviving the end-Permian mass extinction. Lethaia, 40, 175–181.
  • BRAYARD, A., ESCARGUEL, G., BUCHER, H. and BRÜHWILER, T. 2009. Smithian and Spathian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages from terranes: paleoceanographic and paleogeographic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 36, 420–433.
  • BROWN, T. 1841. Description of some new species of fossil shells, found chiefly in the Vale of Todmorden, Yorkshire. Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, 1, 212–229.
  • BRÜHWILER, T., BRAYARD, A., BUCHER, H. and GOUDUN, K. 2008. Griesbachian and Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas from northwestern Guangxi and southern Guizhou (south China). Palaeontology, 51, 1151–1180.
  • BRÜHWILER, T., BUCHER, H., WARE, D., HERMANN, E., HOCHULI, P. A., ROOHI, G., REHMAN, K. and YASEEN, A. in press. Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Salt Range, Pakistan. Special Papers in Palaeontology .
  • CARTER, J. G. 1990. Evolutionary significance of shell microstructure in the Palaeotaxodonta, Pteriomorphia and Isofilibranchia (Bivalvia: Mollusca). 135–296. In CARTER, J. G. (ed.). Skeletal biomineralisation: patterns, processes and evolutionary trends. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 832 pp.
  • CARTER, J. G., ALTABA, C. R., ANDERSON, L. C., ARAUJO, R., BIAKOV, A. S., BOGAN, A. E., CAMPBELL, D. C., CAMPBELL, M., CHEN, JIN-HUA, COPE, J. C. W., DELVENE, G., DIJKSTRA, H. H., FANG, ZONG-JIE, GARDNER, R. N., GAVRILOVA, V. A., GONCHAROVA, I. A., HARRIES, P. J., HARTMAN, J. H., HAUTMANN, M., HOEH, W. R., HYLLEBERG, J., JIANG, BAO-YU, JOHNSTON, P., KIRKENDALE, L., KLEEMANN, K., KOPPKA, J., KŘÍŽ, J., MACHADO, D., MALCHUS, N., MÁRQUEZ-ALIAGA, A., MASSE, J.-P., MCROBERTS, C. A., MIDDELFART, P. U., MITCHELL, S., NEVESSKAJA, L. A., ÖZER, S., POJETA, J. J. R., POLUBOTKO, I. V., PONS, J. M., POPOV, S., SÁNCHEZ, T., SARTORI, A. F., SCOTT, R. W., SEY, I. I., SIGNORELLI, J. H., SILANTIEV, V. V., SKELTON, P. W., STEUBER, T., WATERHOUSE, J. B., WINGARD, G. L. and YANCEY, T. 2011. A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Paleontological Contributions, 4, 1–47.
  • CARTER, J. G., BARRERA, E. and TEVESZ, M. J. S. 1998. Thermal potentation and mineralogical evolution in the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Journal of Paleontology, 72, 991–1010.
  • CARTER, J. G. and HAUTMANN, M. 2011. Shell microstructure of the basal pectinid Pleuronectites laevigatus: implications for pectinoid phylogeny (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia). Journal of Paleontology, 85, 464–467.
  • CHAVAN, A. 1954. Les Pleurophorus et genres voisins. Cahier Géologiques Seyssel, 22, 200.
  • CIRIACKS, K. W. 1963. Permian and Eotriassic bivalves of the middle Rockies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 125 (1), 1–100, pls 1–16.
  • CONRAD, T. A. 1842. Descriptions of new species of organic remains belonging to the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous systems of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8, 183–190.
  • COX, L. R. 1953. Lower Cretaceous Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia and Annelida from Alexander I Land (Falkland Islands dependencies). Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, Scientific Reports, 4, 1–14, pls 1, 2.
  • COX, L. R., et al. 1969. Bivalvia. 1–1224. In MOORE, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part N. Mollusca 6. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, and the University of Kansas, Lawrence.
  • DAGYS, A. S. and KANYGIN, A. V. 1996. The Triassic fauna of the north-east of Asia. Sibirskaj Isdatelskaj Firma Ran, Novosibirsk, 168 pp [in Russian].
  • DALL, W. H. 1889. On the hinge of pelecypods and its development with an attempt toward a better subdivision of the group. American Journal of Science, 38, 445–462.
  • DEFRANCE, M. J. L. 1816. Avicule (Foss.). 141–142. In LEVRAULT, F. G. (ed.). Dictionaire de Sciences Naturelles, Tome 3. Le Normant, Paris, 174 pp.
  • DICKINS, J. M. 1957. Lower Permian pelecypods and gastropods from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin, 41, 1–55.
  • DOUVILLÉ, H. 1912. Un essai de classification phylogénique des lamellibranches. Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 154, 1677–1681.
  • FANG, ZONGJIE 2010. Generic demarcation of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species and their biogeographic significance. Alcheringa, 34, 161–178.
  • FÉRUSSAC, A. E. DE. 1822. Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systèmes; suivis d’un prodrome général pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles, vivants ou fossiles. Bertrand, Paris, 111 pp.
  • FISCHER, P. 18801887. Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique. F. Savy, Paris, 1369 pp.
  • FREBOLD, H. 1931. Fauna, stratigraphische und palaeogeographische Verhltnisse des ostgrönlndischen Zechsteins. Meddelelser om Grønland, 84 (3), 1–38, pls 1, 2.
  • FREBOLD, H. 1933. Weitere Beitrge zur Kenntnis des Oberen Palozoikums Ostgrönlands. Meddelelser om Grønland, 84 (7), 1–61, pls 1–6.
  • FRECH, F. 1904. Neue Zweischaler und Brachiopoden aus der Bakonyer Trias. Abhandlung 2. 1–140. In HÖLZEL, E. (ed.). Resultate der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Balatonsees, Band 1, Teil 1, Anhang: Palaeontologie der Umgebung des Balatonsees, Band 2. Balaton-Ausschuss der Ungarischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 140 pp.
  • FULDA, D. E. 1935. Handbuch der vergleichenden Stratigraphie Deutschlands, Band 7, Zechstein. Borntraeger, Berlin, 409 pp.
  • FÜRSICH, F. T. 1980. Preserved life positions of some Jurassic bivalves. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 54, 289–300.
  • GALFETTI, T., BUCHER, H., BRAYARD, A., HOCHULI, P., WEISSERT, H., GUODUN, K., ATUDOREI, V. and GUEX, J. 2007a. Late Early Triassic climate change: insights from carbonate carbon isotopes, sedimentary evolution and ammonoid paleobiogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 243, 394–411.
  • GALFETTI, T., HOCHULI, P. A., BRAYARD, A., BUCHER, H., WEISSERT, H. and VIGRAN, O. V. 2007b. Smithian-Spathian boundary event: evidence for global climatic change in the wake of the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geology, 35, 291–294.
  • GALFETTI, T., BUCHER, H., OVTCHAROVA, M., SCHALTEGGER, U., BRAYARD, A., BRÜHWILER, T., GOUDEMAND, N., WEISSERT, H., HOCHULI, P. A., CORDEY, F. and KUANG, G.-D. 2007c. Timing of the Early Triassic carbon cycle perturbations inferred from new U-Pb ages and ammonoid biochronozones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 258, 593–604.
  • GIRTY, G. H. 1927. Description of Carboniferous and Triassic fossils. In MANSFIELD, G. R. (ed.). Geography, geology, and mineral resources of part of southeastern Idaho. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 152, 411–446, pls 22–25, 27, 28, 30.
  • GOLDFUSS, A. 18331840. Petrefacta Germaniae. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten Deutschlands und der angrnzenden Lnder, unter Mitwirkung des Herrn Grafen Georg zu Münster, herausgegeben von August Goldfuss. Zweiter Teil. Arnz and Co., Düsseldorf, 211 pp., 84 pls.
  • GOLONKA, J. and FORD, D. 2000. Pangean (Late Carboniferous-Middle Jurassic) paleoenvironment and lithofacies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 161, 1–34.
  • GOUDEMAND, N., ORCHARD, M., TAFFOREAU, P., URDY, S., BRÜHWILER, T., BUCHER, H., BRAYARD, A. and GALFETTI, T. 2012. Early Triassic conodont clusters from South China: revision of the architecture of the 15-element apparatuses of the Gondolelloidea superfamily. Palaeontology, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01174.x.
  • GRAY, J. E. 1824. Shells. Supplement to appendix, Perry’s voyage for the discovery of the north-west passage in the years 1819–1820, Appendix 10, Zoology. J. Murray, London, 240–246.
  • GRAY, J. E. 1842. Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. Forty-fourth edition, British Museum, London, 308 pp.
  • GRAY, J. E. 1847. A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15, 129–219.
  • GRAY, J. E. 1854. A revision of the arrangement of the families of bivalve shells (Conchifera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 13, 408–418.
  • GU ZHIWEI, HUANG BAOYU, CHEN CHUZHEN, WEN SHIXUAN, MA QIHONG, LAN XIU, XU JUNTAO, LIU, LU, WANG DEYOU, QUI RANZHONG, HUANG ZHAOQI, ZHANG ZUOMING, CHEN JINHUA and WU PEILI 1976. Fossil Lamellibranchiata of China. Science Press, Beijing, 522 pp., 150 pls [in Chinese].
  • GUEX, J. 1978. Le Trias inférieur des Salt Ranges, Pakistan: problèmes biochronologiques. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 71, 105–141.
  • HALL, J. 1858. Palaeontology of Iowa. 473–724, pls 1-29. In HALL, J. and WHITNEY, J. D. (eds). Report on the geological survey of the state of Iowa: embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 56 and 57. Authority of the legislature of Iowa, Des Moines, 724 pp.
  • HALL, J. and WHITFIELD, R. P. 1869. Preliminary notice of the lamellibranchiate shells of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung groups, with others from the Waverly Sandstones, Pt. 2. New York State Museum, Albany, 97 pp.
  • HALL, J. and WHITFIELD, R. P. 1877. Part II. Palaeontology. 198–302. In KING, C. (ed.) Annual report to the secretary of war on the U.S. geological exploration of the fortieth parallel, vol. 4. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 667 pp.
  • HALLAM, A. and WIGNALL, P. B. 1997. Mass extinctions and their aftermath. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, 320 pp.
  • HAMMER, Ø., HARPER, D. A. T. and RYAN, D. T. 2001. PAST: palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analyses. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 1–9 ( http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm ).
  • HAUTMANN, M. 2001a. Taxonomy and phylogeny of cementing Triassic bivalves (Families Prospondylidae, Plicatulidae, Dimyidae and Ostreidae). Palaeontology, 44, 339–373.
  • HAUTMANN, M. 2001b. Die Muschelfauna der Nayband-Formation (Obertrias, Nor-Rht) des östlichen Zentraliran. Beringeria, 29, 1–181.
  • HAUTMANN, M. 2004. Early Mesozoic evolution of alivincular bivalve ligaments and its implications for the timing of the “Mesozoic marine revolution”. Lethaia, 37, 165–172.
  • HAUTMANN, M. 2006. Shell morphology and phylogenetic origin of oysters. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 240, 668–671.
  • HAUTMANN, M. 2010. The first scallop. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 84, 317–322.
  • HAUTMANN, M. and NÜTZEL, A. 2005. First record of a heterodont bivalve (Mollusca) from the Early Triassic: palaeoecological significance and implications for the ‘Lazarus problem’. Palaeontology, 48, 1131–1138.
  • HAUTMANN, M., BUCHER, H., BRÜHWILER, T., GOUDEMAND, N., KAIM, A. and NÜTZEL, A. 2011. An unusually diverse mollusc fauna from the earliest Triassic of South China and its implications for benthic recovery after the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geobios, 44, 71–85.
  • HAUTMANN, M., SMITH, A. B., MCGOWAN, A. J. and BUCHER, H. in press. Bivalves from the Olenekian (Early Triassic) of southwestern Utah: systematics and evolutionary significance. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.
  • HE WEIHONG, FENG, Q., WELDON, E. A., GU, S., MENG, Y., ZHANG, F. and WU, S. 2007. A Late Permian to Early Triassic bivalve fauna from the Dongpan section, southern Guangxi, South China. Journal of Paleontology, 81, 1009–1019.
  • HEALEY, M. 1908. The fauna of the Napeng beds or the Rhaetic beds of Upper Burma. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, new series, 2, 1–88, pls 1–9.
  • HERMANN, E., HOCHULI, P. A., MÉHAY, S., BUCHER, H., BRÜHWILER, T., HAUTMANN, M., WARE, D., ROOHI, G., UR-REHMAN, K. and YASEEN, A. 2011a. Organic matter and palaeoenvironmental signals during the Early Triassic biotic recovery: the Salt Range and Surghar Range records. Sedimentary Geology, 237, 19–41.
  • HERMANN, E., HOCHULI, P. A., BUCHER, H., BRÜHWILER, T., HAUTMANN, M., WARE, D. and ROOHI, G. 2011b. Terrestrial ecosystems on North Gondwana in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. Gondwana Research, 20, 630–637.
  • HERMANN, E., HOCHULI, P. A., BUCHER, H. and ROOHI, G. in press. Early Triassic palynology of the Salt Range and Surghar Range, Pakistan. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
  • HERTWIG, C. W. T. R. 1895. Lehrbuch der Zoologie (dritte Auflage). Fischer, Jena, 599 pp.
  • HOCHULI, P. A., HERMANN, E., VIRGAN, J. O., BUCHER, H. and WEISSERT, H. 2010. Rapid demise and recovery of plant ecosystems across the end-Permian extinction event. Global and Planetary Change, 74, 144–155.
  • ICHIKAWA, K. 1954. Early Neo-Triassic pelecypods from Iwai, near Itsukaichi, Tokyo prefecture. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 25, 177–195.
  • ICHIKAWA, K. 1958. Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der triadischen Pteriidae (Lamellibranchiata) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Claraia, Eumorphotis, Oxytoma und Monotis. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 111, 131–212, pls 21–24.
  • JABLONSKI, D. 1986. Causes and consequences of mass extinction: a comparative approach. 183–229. In ELLIOTT, D. K. (ed.). Dynamics of extinction. Wiley, New York, 294 pp.
  • JELETZKY, J. A. 1963. Malayomaorica gen. nov. (Family Aviculopectinidae) from the Indo-Pacific Upper Jurassic; with comments on related forms. Palaeontology, 6, 148–160.
  • JENKS, J. F., BRAYARD, A., BRÜHWILER, T. and BUCHER, H. 2010. New Smithian (Early Triasic) ammonoids from Crittenden Springs, Elko County, Nevada: implications for taxonomy, biostratigraphy and biogeography. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 48, 1–41.
  • KAIM, A. 2009. Gastropods. In SHIGETA, Y., ZAKHAROV, YU. D., MAEDA, H. and POPOV, A. M. (eds). The Lower Triassic system in the Abrek Bay area, south Primorye, Russia. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, 38, 141–156.
  • KAIM, A. and NÜTZEL, A. 2011. Dead bellerophontids walking – the short Mesozoic history of the Bellerophontoidea (Gastropoda). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 190–199.
  • KAIM, A., NÜTZEL, A., BUCHER, H., BRÜHWILER, T. and GOUDEMAND, N. 2010. Early Triassic (Late Griesbachian) gastropods from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi). Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 103, 121–128.
  • KING, W. 1848. A catalogue of the organic remains of the Permian rocks of Northumberland and Durham. The author, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 16 pp.
  • KING, W. 1850. A monograph of the Permian fossils of England. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London, 37, 1–258, pls 1–28.
  • KIPARISOVA, L. D. 1938. The Lower Triassic pelecypods of the Ussuriland. Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta, 7, 197–311 [In Russian].
  • KLIPSTEIN, A. von 1845. Beitrge zur geologischen Kenntnis der östlichen Alpen. Heyer, Giessen, 311 pp.
  • KOROBKOV, I. A. 1954. Spravochnik i metodicheskoe rukovodstvo po tretichnym molliuskam. Plastinchatozhabernye (Handbook and methodical manual on Tertiary mollusks: Lamellibranchiates). Gostoptekhizdat, Leningrad, 444 pp, 96 pls [in Russian].
  • KUMAGAE, T. and NAKAZAWA, K. 2009. Bivalves. In SHIGETA, Y., ZAKHAROV, YU. D., MAEDA, H. and POPOV, A. M. (eds). The Lower Triassic system in the Abrek Bay area, south Primorye, Russia. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, 38, 156–173.
  • KUMMEL, B. 1966. The Lower Triassic formations of the Salt Range and Trans-Indus Ranges, West Pakistan. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 134, 361–429.
  • KUMMEL, B. and TEICHERT, C. 1966. Relations between the Permian and Triassic formations in the Salt Range and Trans-Indus Ranges, West Pakistan. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie, Abhandlungen, 125, 297–333.
  • KUMMEL, B. and TEICHERT, C. 1970. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Permian-Triassic boundary beds, Salt Range and Trans-Indus Ranges, West Pakistan. 1–110. In KUMMEL, B. and TEICHERT, C. (eds). Stratigraphic boundary problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan. Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Special Publication, Lawrence, 474 pp.
  • KURUSHIN, N. I. 1987. Drevneishie triasovie dvuxstvorchatie molluski Yakutii. 99–110. In DAGYS, A. S. (ed.) Borealnii trias. Nauka, Moscow, 119 pp.
  • LEACH, W. E. 1819. Descriptions des nouvelles espèces d’animaux découvertes par le vaisseau Isabelle dans un voyage au pôle boréal. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, 88, 462–467.
  • LEPSIUS, R. 1878. Das westliche Süd-Tirol, geologisch dargestellt. Verlag Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin, 375 pp.
  • LEVINTON, J. S. 1996. Trophic group and the end-Cretaceous extinction: did deposit feeders have it made in the shade? Paleobiology, 22, 104–112.
  • LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 824 pp.
  • LOGAN, A. 1967. The Permian Bivalvia of northern England. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London, 121, 1–72, pls 1–10.
  • MARWICK, J. 1935. Some new genera of the Myalinidae and Pteriidae of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 65, 295–303.
  • MARWICK, J. 1953. Divisions and faunas of the Hokonui System (Triassic and Jurassic). New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin, 21, 1–141.
  • M’COY, F. 18511855. Description of the British Palaeozoic fossils in the Geological Museum of the University of Cambridge. 1–644. In SEDGWICK, A. and M’COY, F. (eds). A synopsis of the classification of the British Palaeozoic rocks, with a systematic description of the British Palaeozoic fossils in the Geological Museum of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 661 pp.
  • MEEK, F. B. and HAYDEN, F. V. 1864. Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 14, 1–135.
  • MENNING, M., GAST, R., HAGDORN, H., KÄDING, K. C., SIMON, T., SZURLIES, M. and NITSCH, E. 2005. Zeitskala für Perm und Trias in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland, 2002, zyklostratigraphische Kalibrierung der höheren Dyas und Germanischen Trias und das Alter der Stufen Roadium bis Rhaetium. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41, 173–210.
  • MILLER, S. A. 1877. The American Palaeozoic fossils, a catalogue of the genera and species. The author, Cincinnati, 253 pp.
  • MILLER, S. A. 1889. North American geology and palaeontology. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, 664 pp.
  • MORRIS, J. 1845. Conchifera. 270–278. In STRZELECKI, P. E. de (ed.). Physical description of New South Wales and Van Dieman’s Land. Longman, Brown and Co., London, 462 pp, 19 pls.
  • MUSTER, H. 1995. Taxonomie und Palobiogeographie der Bakevelliidae (Bivalvia). Beringeria, 14, 1–161.
  • NAKAZAWA, K. 1959. Permian and Eo-Triassic Bakevellias from the Maizuru Zone, southwest Japan. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, 26, 193–213.
  • NAKAZAWA, K. 1961. Permian and Eo-Triassic Myophoriidae from the Maizuru zone, southwest Japan. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 31, 49–62.
  • NAKAZAWA, K. 1977. On Claraia of Kashmir and Iran. Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 20, 191–204.
  • NAKAZAWA, K. 1996. Lower Triassic bivalves from the Salt Range Region, Pakistan. 207–229. In GUHA, P. K. S., AYYASAMI, K., SENGUPTA, S. and GHOSH, R. N. (eds). Gondwana Nine, Proceedings of the Ninth International Gondwana Symposium, Hyderabad, January 1994. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam/Brookfield, 1290 pp.
  • NEWELL, N. D. 1965. Classification of the Bivalvia. American Museum Novitates, 2206, 1–25.
  • NEWELL, N. D. and BOYD, D. W. 1987. Iteration of ligament structures in pteriomorphian Bivalves. American Museum Novitates, 2875, 1–11.
  • NEWELL, N. D. and BOYD, D. W. 1995. Pectinoid bivalves of the Permian-Triassic crisis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 227, 1–95.
  • NEWELL, N. D. and BOYD, D. W. 1999. A new Lower Triassic Permophorus from the central Rocky Mountains. American Museum Novitates, 3263, 1–5.
  • NÜTZEL, A. 2005a. A new Early Triassic gastropod genus and the recovery of gastropods from the Permian/Triassic extinction. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 50, 19–24.
  • NÜTZEL, A. 2005b. Recovery of gastropods in the Early Triassic. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 4, 501–515.
  • NÜTZEL, A. and ERWIN, D. H. 2002. Battenizyga, a new Early Triassic gastropod genus with a discussion on the gastropod evolution at the Permian/Triassic boundary. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 76, 21–26.
  • ORBIGNY, A. D’. 18441848. Paléontologie française. Description zoologique et géologique de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnés fossiles de France. Terrains crétacés. Volume 3, Mollusques. Masson, Paris, 807 pp.
  • ORCHARD, M. J. 2007. Conodont diversity and evolution through the latest Permian and Early Triassic upheavals. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252, 93–117.
  • PAN, HUA-ZHANG, ERWIN D. H., NÜTZEL, A. and ZHU, XIANG-SHUI 2003. Jiangxispira, a new gastropod genus from the Early Triassic of China with remarks on the phylogeny of the Heterostropha at the Permian/Triassic boundary. Journal of Paleontology, 77, 44–49.
  • PAYNE, J. L., LEHRMANN, D. J., WEI, J. Y., ORCHARD, M. J., SCHRAG, D. P. and KNOLL, A. H. 2004. Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. Science, 305, 506–509.
  • PHILIPPI, E. 1898. Die Fauna des unteren Trigonodus-Dolomits vom Hühnerfeld bei Schwieberdingen und des sogenannten “Cannstatter Kreidemergels”. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterlndische Naturkunde in Württemberg, 1898, 145–224.
  • PJRG (PAKISTANI JAPANESE RESEARCH GROUP) 1985. Permian and Triassic systems in the Salt Range and Surghar Range, Pakistan. 221–312. In NAKAZAWA, K. and DICKINS, J. M. (eds). The Tethys: her paleogeography and paleobiogeography from Paleozoic to Mesozoic. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 317 pp.
  • POMPECKJ, J. F. 1901. Über Aucellen und Aucellen-hnliche Fromen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palontologie, Beilage-Band, 14, 319–368.
  • POSENATO, R. 2008. Patterns of bivalve biodiversity from Early to Middle Triassic in the Southern Alps (Italy): regional vs. global events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 261, 145–159.
  • PTSCHELINCEVA, V. F. 1960. Family Prospondylidae fam. nov. 86–87. In EBERZIN, A. G. (ed.). Fundamentals of palaeontology. Molluscs-Loricata, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda. Isdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 300 pp. [In Russian].
  • RAFINESQUE, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l’univers et des corps organisés. Jean Barravecchia, Palermo, 223 pp.
  • REED, F. R. C. 1932. New fossils from the agglomeratic slate of Kashmir. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, new series, 20, 1–79, pls 1–13.
  • REPIN, Yu. S. 1996. New Late Triassic bivalves from Iran and a taxonomy of the superfamily Spondylacea. Paleontological Journal, 30, 363–369.
  • SCHLOTHEIM, E. F. von. 1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Überreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt erlutert. Becker’sche Buchhandlung, Gotha, 437 pp.
  • SCHUBERT, J. K. and BOTTJER, D. J. 1995. Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 116, 1–39.
  • SEILACHER, A. 1954. Ökologie der triassischen Muschel Lima lineata (Schloth.) und ihrer Epöken. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie, Monatshefte, 1954 (1), 163–183.
  • SHA JINGENG 1995. Bivalves. 82–115, 149–151. In SHA JINGENG (ed.), Palaeontology of the Hohxil Region, Qinghai. Science Press, Beijing, 177 pp, 50 pls. [In Chinese with English abstract].
  • SHA, JINGENG and FÜRSICH, F. T. 1994. Bivalve faunas of eastern Heilongjiang, northeastern China. II. The Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous buchiid fauna. Beringeria, 12, 1–93.
  • SHA, JINGENG and GRANT-MACKIE, J. A. 1996. Late Permian to Miocene bivalve assemblages from Hohxil, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 26, 429–455.
  • SHEEHAN, P. M. and HANSEN, T. A. 1986. Detritus feeding as a buffer to extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. Geology, 14, 868–870.
  • SMITH, A. G., SMITH, D. G. and FUNNELL, B. M. 1994. Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic coastlines. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 109 pp.
  • SOWERBY, J. 18121814. The mineral conchology of Great Britain; or coloured figures and description of those remains of testaceous animals or shells which have been preserved at various times and depths in the earth, Volume 1. Arding and Meredith, London, 236 pp.
  • SPATH, L. F. 1935. Additions to the Eotriassic invertebrate fauna of East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 98 (2), 1–115, pls 1–23.
  • STANLEY, S. M. 1972. Functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve mollusks. Journal of Paleontology, 46, 165–212.
  • STENZEL, H. B. 1971. Oysters. N953–N1224. In MOORE, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part N, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia 3. The Geological Society of America, Boulder and The University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 271 pp.
  • TËMKIN, I. and POJETA, J. J. 2010. Cassiavellia galtarae, new species, new genus: a new Permian bivalve and its significance for pterioidean systematics. Journal of Paleontology, 84, 1152–1176.
  • TEPPNER, W. von 1922. Lamellibranchia Tertiaria, Anisomyaria II. 67–296. In DIENER, C. (ed.). Fossilium catalogus 1, 15, W. Junk, Berlin, 296 pp.
  • TRECHMANN, C. T. 1918. The Trias of New Zealand. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London, 73, 165–246.
  • TURNER, R. D. and ROSEWATER, J. 1958. The family Pinnidae in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 3, 285–326.
  • VOKES, H. E. 1967. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic catalogue. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 51, 105–394.
  • WAAGEN, W. 1879. Salt-Range fossils, Vol. 1: productus limestone fossils, Pisces-Cephalopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13 (1), 1–72, pls 1–15.
  • WAAGEN, W. 1880. Salt Range fossils, Vol. 1: productus limestone fossils, Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13, 73–184, pls 7–16.
  • WAAGEN, W. 1881. Salt Range fossils, Vol. 1: productus limestone fossils, Pelecypoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13, 185–328, pls 17–24.
  • WAAGEN, W. 18821884. Salt Range fossils, Vol. 1: productus limestone fossils, Brachiopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13, 329–728, pls 25–86.
  • WAAGEN, W. 1891. Salt Range fossils, Vol. 2: geological results. Memoirs of the Geological survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13, 89–242.
  • WAAGEN, W. 1895. Salt-Range fossils, Vol. 2: fossils from the Ceratite Formation. Pisces-Ammonoidea (Cephalopoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, 13 (2), 1–323, pls 1–40.
  • WALLER, T. R. 1978. Morphology, morphoclines and a new classification of the Pteriomorpha (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 284, 345–365.
  • WALLER, T. R. and STANLEY, G. D. 2005. Middle Triassic pteriomorphian Bivalvia (Mollusca) from the New Pass Range, west-central Nevada: systematics, biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleobiogeography. The Palaeontological Society Memoir, 61, 1–64.
  • WARE, D., JENKS, J., HAUTMANN, M. and BUCHER, H. 2011. Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Candelaria Hills (Nevada, USA) and their significance for palaeobiogeography and palaeoceanography. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 104, 161–181.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 1960. Some Carnian Pelecypoda from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, 425–442, pls 19–25.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 1978. Permian Brachiopoda and Mollusca from north-west Nepal. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 160, 1–175, pls 1–26.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 1980. A new bivalve species (Buchiidae) from the Early Triassic of New Zealand. Alcheringa, 4, 1–10.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 1982. Permian Pectinacea and Limacea (Bivalvia) from New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin, 49, 1–75, pls 1–25.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 2001. Late Paleozoic Brachiopoda and Mollusca chiefly from Wairaki Downs, New Zealand, with notes on Scyphozoa and Triassic ammonoids and new classifications of Linoproductoidea (Brachiopoda) and Pectinida (Bivalvia). Earthwise, 3, 1–196, pls 1–10.
  • WATERHOUSE, J. B. 2008. Aspects of the evolutionary record for fossils of the bivalve subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen. Earthwise, 8, 1–219.
  • WHITFIELD, R. P. 1885. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey. US Geological Survey Monographs, 9, 1–338.
  • WILCKENS, R. 1909. Palontologische Untersuchung triadischer Faunen aus der Umgebung von Predazzo im Südtirol. Verhandlungen des naturhistorisch-medizinischen Vereins Heidelberg, neue Folge, 10, 81–231.
  • WISSMANN, H. L. 1841. Beitrge zur Geognosie und Petrefactenkunde des südöstlichen Tirols. 1–24. In WISSMANN, H. L., MÜNSTER, G. and GRAFZU (eds). Beitrge zur Petrefactenkunde, 152 pp, pls 1–16.
  • WITTENBURG, P. von. 1908. Beitrge zur Kenntnis der Werfener Schichten Südtirols. Geologische und Palontologische Abhandlungen, neue Folge, 8, 251–289.
  • WITTENBURG, P. von. 1909. Einige Lamellibranchiata der Salt-Range, mit Berücksichtigung der Lamellibranchiata des Süd-Ussuri-Gebiets. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Palontologie, 1909, 6–13, pls 2, 3.
  • WÖHRMANN, S. von. 1889. Die Fauna der sogenannten Cardita und Raibler Schichten in den Alpen Nordtirols und in den Bayerischen Alpen. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 39 (1), 180–258, pls 1–5.
  • YEHARA, S. 1927. The Lower Triassic cephalopod and bivalve fauna of Shikoku. The Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 5, 135–172.
  • ZAKHAROV, V. A. 1981. Buchiidae and biostratigraphy of the boreal Upper Jurassic and Neocomian. Journal of Geology and Geophysics (Moscow, Nauka), 458, 1–270[In Russian].
  • ZITTEL, K. A. von. 18811885. Handbuch der Palaeontologie, Band 2, 1. Abteilung, Palaeozoologie. R. Oldenburg, München and Leipzig, 893 pp.
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5k5 | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+