Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: A new view on Nematothallus: coralline red algae from the Silurian of Gotland

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 56
Part: 2
Publication Date: March 2013
Page(s): 345 357
Author(s): Martin R. Smith and Nicholas J. Butterfield
Addition Information

How to Cite

SMITH, M. R., BUTTERFIELD, N. J. 2013. A new view on Nematothallus: coralline red algae from the Silurian of Gotland. Palaeontology56, 2, 345–357.

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • AGUIRRE, J., RIDING, R. and BRAGA, J. C.2000. Diversity of coralline red algae: origination and extinction patterns from the Early Cretaceous to the Pleistocene. Paleobiology, 26, 651–667.
  • AGUIRRE, J., PERFECTTI, F. and BRAGA, J. C.2010. Integrating phylogeny, molecular clocks, and the fossil record in the evolution of coralline algae (Corallinales and Sporolithales, Rhodophyta). Paleobiology, 36, 519–533.
  • ALLEN, J. R. L. and TARLO, L. B.1963. The Downtonian and Dittonian Facies of the Welsh Borderland. Geological Magazine, 100, 129–155.
  • BASSON, P. W.1981. Late Cretaceous alga, Delesserites libanensis sp. nov. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 33, 363–370.
  • BOMFLEUR, B., KRINGS, M., KAŠTOVSKÝ, J. and KERP, H.2009. An enigmatic non-marine thalloid organism from the Triassic of East Antarctica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 157, 317–325.
  • BRAGA, J. C. and AGUIRRE, J.1995. Taxonomy of fossil coralline algal species: Neogene Lithophylloideae (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) from southern Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 86, 265–285.
  • BRAGA, J. C., BOSENCE, D. W. J. and STENECK, R. S.1993. New anatomical characters in fossil coralline algae and their taxonomic implications. Palaeontology, 36, 535–547.
  • BROOKE, C. and RIDING, R.1998. Ordovician and Silurian coralline red algae. Lethaia, 31, 185–195.
  • BUTTERFIELD, N. J.2003. Exceptional fossil preservation and the Cambrian explosion. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43, 166–177.
  • BUTTERFIELD, N. J.2009. Modes of pre-Ediacaran multicellularity. Precambrian Research, 173, 201–211.
  • CABIOCH, J.1988. Morphogenesis and generic concepts in coralline algae – a reappraisal. Helgoland Marine Research, 42, 493–509.
  • CALNER, M., JEPPSSON, L. and MUNNECKE, A.2004. The Silurian of Gotland – Part I: review of the stratigraphic framework, event stratigraphy, and stable carbon and oxygen isotope development. Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, Sonderband, 5, 113–131.
  • CÓZAR, P. and VACHARD, D.2003. Neoprincipia nov. gen., a new Mississippian red alga, and remarks on the Archaeolithophyllaceae (Rhodophyta). Geobios, 36, 505–517.
  • CÓZAR, P. and VACHARD, D.2006. A new Mississippian red alga from south-western Spain. Geobios, 39, 791–803.
  • CRONQUIST, A.1960. The divisions and classes of plants. The Botanical Review, 26, 425–482.
  • DETHIER, M. N.1994. The ecology of intertidal algal crusts: variation within a functional group. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 177, 37–71.
  • EDWARDS, D.1982. Fragmentary non-vascular plant microfossils from the late Silurian of Wales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 223–256.
  • EDWARDS, D.1986. Dispersed cuticles of putative non-vascular plants from the Lower Devonian of Britain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 93, 259–275.
  • EDWARDS, D. and ROSE, V.1984. Cuticles of Nematothallus: a further enigma. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 88, 35–54.
  • ERIKSSON, M. J. and CALNER, M.2008. A sequence stratigraphical model for the Late Ludfordian (Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden: implications for timing between changes in sea level, palaeoecology, and the global carbon cycle. Facies, 54, 253–276.
  • FILIPIAK, P. and ZATOŃ, M.2010. Plant and animal cuticle remains from the Lower Devonian of southern Poland and their palaeoenvironmental significance. Lethaia, 44, 397–409.
  • FRITSCH, F. E.1935. The structure and reproduction of the algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 791 pp.
  • FRITSCH, F. E.1945. The structure and reproduction of the algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 939 pp.
  • FRY, W. L.1983. An algal flora from the Upper Ordovician of the Lake Winnipeg region, Manitoba, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 39, 313–341.
  • GENSEL, P. G., JOHNSON, N. G. and STROTHER, P. K.1990. Early land plant debris (Hooker’s ‘waifs and strays’?). PALAIOS, 5, 520–547.
  • GRAHAM, L. E., WILCOX, L. W., COOK, M. E. and GENSEL, P. G.2004. Resistant tissues of modern marchantioid liverworts resemble enigmatic Early Paleozoic microfossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 11025–11029.
  • GRAY, J., LAUFELD, S. and BOUCOT, A. J.1974. Silurian trilete spores and spore tetrads from Gotland: their implications for land plant evolution. Science, 185, 260–263.
  • GRAY, J., MASSA, D. and BOUCOT, A. J.1982. Caradocian land plant microfossils from Libya. Geology, 10, 197–201.
  • HAGSTRÖM, J.1997. Land-derived palynomorphs from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. GFF, 119, 301–316.
  • HANIC, L. A. and CRAIGIE, J. S.1969. Studies on the algal cuticle. Journal of Phycology, 5, 89–102.
  • HARVEY, A. S. and WOELKERLING, W. J.1995. An account of Austrolithon intumescens gen. et sp. nov. and Boreolithon van-heurckii (Heydrich) gen. et comb. nov. (Austrolithoideae subfam. nov., Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 34, 362–382.
  • HARVEY, A. S., WOELKERLING, W. J. and MILLAR, A. J. K.2009. The genus Amphiroa (Lithophylloideae, Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) from the temperate coasts of the Australian continent, including the newly described A. klochkovana. Phycologia, 48, 258–290.
  • JOHANSEN, H. W.1973. Ontogeny of sexual conceptacles in a species of Bossiella (Corallinaceae). Journal of Phycology, 9, 141–148.
  • JOHNSON, J. H.1956. Archaeolithophyllum, a new genus of Paleozoic coralline algae. Journal of Paleontology, 30, 53–55.
  • JONKER, F. P.1979. Prototaxites in the Lower Devonian. Palaeontographica Abteilung B, 171, 39–56.
  • KARATYGIN, I., SNIGIREVSKAYA, N. and VIKULIN, S.2009. The most ancient terrestrial lichen Winfrenatia reticulata: a new find and new interpretation. Paleontological Journal, 43, 107–114.
  • KRINGS, M., TAYLOR, T. N., HASS, H., KERP, H., DOTZLER, N. and HERMSEN, E. J.2007. Fungal endophytes in a 400-million-yr-old land plant: infection pathways, spatial distribution, and host responses. New Phytologist, 174, 648–657.
  • LANG, W. H.1937. On the plant-remains from the Downtonian of England and Wales. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 227, 245–291.
  • LE GALL, L. and SAUNDERS, G. W.2007. A nuclear phylogeny of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) inferred from combined EF2, small subunit and large subunit ribosomal DNA: establishing the new red algal subclass Corallinophycidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 1118–1130.
  • MANTEN, A. A.1966. Some problematic shallow-marine structures. Marine Geology, 4, 227–232.
  • NIKLAS, K. J.1976. Chemical examinations of some non-vascular Paleozoic plants. Brittonia, 28, 113–137.
  • NIKLAS, K. J.2000. The evolution of plant body plans – a biomechanical perspective. Annals of Botany, 85, 411–438.
  • NIKLAS, K. J. and PHILLIPS, T. L.1976. Morphology of Protosalvinia from the Upper Devonian of Ohio and Kentucky. American Journal of Botany, 63, 9–29.
  • PRATT, L. M., PHILLIPS, T. L. and DENNISON, J. M.1978. Evidence of non-vascular land plants from the early Silurian (Llandoverian) of Virginia, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 25, 121–149.
  • RASSER, M. W. and PILLER, W. E.1999. Application of neontological taxonomic concepts to Late Eocene coralline algae (Rhodophyta) of the Austrian Molasse Zone. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 18, 67–80.
  • RIDING, R.2004. Solenopora is a Chaetetid sponge, not an alga. Palaeontology, 47, 117–122.
  • RIDING, R. and BRAGA, J. C.2005. Halysis Høeg, 1932 – an Ordovician coralline red alga?Journal of Paleontology, 79, 835–841.
  • RIDING, R., COPE, J. C. W. and TAYLOR, P. D.1998. A coralline-like red alga from the Lower Ordovician of Wales. Palaeontology, 41, 1069–1076.
  • ROSAS-ALQUICIRA, E., RIOSMENA-RODRÍGUEZ, R. and NETO, A.2011. Segregating characters used within Amphiroa (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and taxonomic reevaluation of the genus in the Azores. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23, 475–488.
  • SHERWOOD-PIKE, M. A. and GRAY, J.1985. Silurian fungal remains: probable records of the Class Ascomycetes. Lethaia, 18, 1–20.
  • SILVA, P. C. and JOHANSEN, H. W.1986. A reappraisal of the order Corallinales (Rhodophyceae). British Phycological Journal, 21, 245–254.
  • STEEMANS, P., LEPOT, K., MARSHALL, C. P., LE HÉRISSÉ, A. and JAVAUX, E. J.2010. FTIR characterisation of the chemical composition of Silurian miospores (cryptospores and trilete spores) from Gotland, Sweden. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 162, 577–590.
  • STENECK, R. S.1986. The ecology of coralline algal crusts: convergent patterns and adaptative strategies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 17, 273–303.
  • STROTHER, P. K.1988. New species of Nematothallus from the Silurian Bloomsburg Formation of Pennsylvania. Journal of Paleontology, 62, 967–982.
  • STROTHER, P. K.1993. Clarification of the genus Nematothallus Lang. Journal of Paleontology, 67, 1090–1094.
  • TAYLOR, T. N. and KRINGS, M.2005. Fungi and Lichens. 436–442. InSELLEY, R. C., COCKS, L. R. M. and PLIMER, I. R. (eds). Encyclopedia of geology. Elsevier Science Ltd., Amsterdam, 2750 pp.
  • TOMESCU, A. M. F., HONEGGER, R. and ROTHWELL, G. W.2008. Earliest fossil record of bacterial-cyanobacterial mat consortia: the Early Silurian Passage Creek biota (440 Ma, Virginia, USA). Geobiology, 6, 120–124.
  • TOWNSEND, R. A., WOELKERLING, W. J., HARVEY, A. S. and BOROWITZKA, M.1995. An account of the red algal genus Sporolithon (Sporolithaceae, Corallinales) in southern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany, 8, 85–121.
  • VANALLER HERNICK, L., LANDING, E. and BARTOWSKI, K. E.2008. Earth’s oldest liverworts –Metzgeriothallus sharonae sp. nov. from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of eastern New York, USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 148, 154–162.
  • WALKER, R.1984. Trichocytes and megacells in cultured crusts of three British species of Lithothamnium and Phymatolithon (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina, 27, 161–168.
  • WEGEBERG, S. and PUESCHEL, C. M.2002. Epithallial and initial cell fine structure in species of Lithothamnion and Phymatolithon (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia, 41, 228–244.
  • WRAY, J. L.1964. Archaeolithophyllum, an abundant calcareous alga in limestones of the Lansing Group (Pennsylvanian), southeastern Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin, 170, 1–13.
  • XIAO, S., KNOLL, A. H., YUAN, X. and PUESCHEL, C. M.2004. Phosphatized multicellular algae in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China, and the early evolution of florideophyte red algae. American Journal of Botany, 91, 214–227.
  • YI, W., HUAI-CHENG, Z. and JUN, L.2005. Late Silurian plant microfossil assemblage from Guangyuan, Sichuan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 133, 153–168.
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5l4 | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+