Skip to content Skip to navigation

Article: The early Ludfordian leintwardinensis graptolite Event and the Gorstian–Ludfordian boundary in Bohemia (Silurian, Czech Republic)

Publication: Palaeontology
Volume: 57
Part: 5
Publication Date: September 2014
Page(s): 1003 – 1043
Author(s): <p>Petr Štorch, Štěpán Manda and David K. Loydell</p>
Addition Information

How to Cite

ŠTORCH, P., MANDA, Š. and LOYDELL, D.K. 2014. The early Ludfordian leintwardinensis graptolite Event and the Gorstian–Ludfordian boundary in Bohemia (Silurian, Czech Republic). Palaeontology, 57, 5, 1003–1043. doi: 10.1111/pala.12099

Author Information

  • Petr Štorch - Department of Palaeobiology and Palaeoecology, Institute of Geology AS CR, Praha 6, Czech Republic (email: storch@gli.cas.cz)
  • Štěpán Manda - Division of Regional Geology of Sedimentary Formations, Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic (email: stepan.manda@geology.cz)
  • David K. Loydell - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (email: david.loydell@port.ac.uk)

Publication History

  • Issue published online: 12 SEP 2014
  • Article first published online: 24 FEB 2014
  • Manuscript Accepted: 27 DEC 2013
  • Manuscript Received: 24 JUL 2013

Funded By

Czech Science Foundation. Grant Number: 205/09/0703

Online Version Hosted By

Wiley Online Library
Get Article: Wiley Online Library [Pay-to-View Access] |

References

  • Barrande, J. 1850. Graptolites de Bohême. Published by the author, Prague, vi + 74 pp.
  • Berry, W. B. N. and Murphy, M. A. 1975. Silurian and Devonian graptolites of Central Nevada. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 110, 1–109.
  • Bou&#x10d;ek, B. 1931. P&#x159;edb&#x11b;&#x17e;ná zpráva o n&#x11b;kterých nových druzích graptolit&#x16f; z &#x10d;eského gothlandienu. V&#x11b;stník Státního Geologického Ústavu &#x10c;eskoslovenské Republiky, 7, 1–21. [In Czech].
  • Bou&#x10d;ek, B. 1936. Graptolitová fauna &#x10d;eského spodního ludlowu. Rozpravy &#x10c;eské Akademie v&#x11b;d a Um&#x11b;ní, T&#x159;ída II, 46 (16), 1–26. [In Czech].
  • Budil, P., Collette, J. and Manda, &#x160;. 2010. An unusual occurrence of the Laurentian phyllocarid crustacean Ceratiocaris papilio Salter in the lower Ludfordian (Silurian) of Bohemia (peri-Gondwana). Bulletin of Geosciences, 85, 551–564.
  • Bulman, O. M. B. 1953. On the thecae of Monograptus scanicus Tullberg. Geological Magazine, 90, 131–136.
  • Cherns, L. 1988. Faunal and facies dynamics in the Upper Silurian of the Anglo-Welsh basin. Palaeontology, 31, 451–502.
  • Cooper, R. A., Sadler, P. M., Munnecke, A. and Crampton, J. S. 2013. Graptoloid evolutionary rates track Ordovician–Silurian global climate change. Geological Magazine, published online 6 June 2013. Doi: 10.1017/S0016756813000198.
  • Cramer, B. D., Brett, C. E., Melchin, M. J., Mnnik, P., Kleffner, M. A., McLaughlin, P. I., Loydell, D. K., Munnecke, A., Jeppsson, L., Corradini, C., Brunton, F. R. and Saltzman, M. R. 2011. Revised correlation of Silurian Provincial Series of North America with global and regional chronostratigraphic units and δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy. Lethaia, 44, 185–202.
  • Eisenack, A. 1942. Über einige Funde von Graptolithen aus ostpreussischen Silurgeschieben. Zeitschrift für Geschiebenforschung und Flachslandsgeologie, 18, 29–42.
  • Eisenack, A. 1951. Retioliten aus dem Graptolithengestein. Palaeontographica, 100, 129–163.
  • Elles, G. L. and Wood, E. M. R. 1911. A monograph of British graptolites, Part 8. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 64 (316), 359–414.
  • Elles, G. L. and Wood, E. M. R. 1913. A monograph of British graptolites, Part 9. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 66 (323), 415–486.
  • Engesner, T. 1996. The position of the Ammonoidea within the Cephalopoda. 3–23. In Landman, N. H., Tanabe, K. and Davis, R. A. (eds). Ammonoid paleobiology. Plenum Press, New York, 861 pp.
  • Haq, B. U. and Schutter, S. R. 2008. A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes. Science, 322, 64–68.
  • Histon, K. 2012. An Alpine immigrant: Phragmoceras Broderip, 1839 from the Silurian of Carnic Alps (Austria). Geobios, 45, 41–48.
  • Holland, C. H. and Palmer, D. C. 1974. Bohemograptus, the youngest graptoloid known from the British Silurian sequence. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 13, 215–236.
  • Hopkinson, J. 1873. On the occurrence of numerous species of Graptolites in the Ludlow rocks of Shropshire. Geological Magazine, 10, 519–520.
  • Horný, R. 1960. Stratigraphy and tectonics of the western closures of the Silurian-Devonian synclinorium in the Barrandian area. Sborník Úst&#x159;edního Ústavu Geologického, 26, 495–524.
  • Jaeger, H. 1978. Entwicklungszüge (Trends) in der Evolution der Graptolithen. Schriftenreihe Geologischen Wissenschaften, 10, 5–58.
  • Jaeger, H. 1991. Neue Standard-graptolithenzonenfolge nach der “Grossen Krise” an der Wenlock/Ludlow Grenze (Silur). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie and Palontologie, Abhandlungen, 182, 303–354.
  • Jaeger, H. and Robardet, M. 1979. Le Silurien et le Dévonien basal dans le nord de la province de Seville (Espagne). Géobios, 12, 687–714.
  • Jaekel, O. 1889. Über das Alter des sogennanten Graptolithengesteins mit besonderer Berücksichtigung in demselben enthaltenen Graptolithen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 41, 653–690.
  • Jeppsson, L. 1990. An oceanic model for lithological and faunal changes tested on the Silurian record. Journal of the Geological Society, 147, 663–674.
  • Jeppsson, L. 1998. Silurian oceanic events: summary of general characteristics. New York State Museum Bulletin, 491, 239–257.
  • Jeppsson, L. and Aldridge, R. J. 2000. Ludlow (late Silurian) oceanic episodes and events. Journal of the Geological Society, 157, 1137–1148.
  • Johnson, M. E. 1996. Stable cratonic sequences and a standard for Silurian eustasy. In Witzke, B. J., Ludvigson, G. A. and Day, J. (eds). Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: views from the North American Craton. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 306, 203–211.
  • Johnson, M. E. 2006. Relationship of Silurian sea-level fluctuations to oceanic episodes and events. GFF, 128, 115–121.
  • Johnson, M. E. 2009. Tracking Silurian eustasy: alignment of empirical evidence or pursuit of deductive reasoning? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 296, 276–284.
  • Koren', T. N. 1987. Graptolite dynamics in Silurian and Devonian time. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 35, 149–159.
  • Koren', T. N. 1993. Main event levels in the evolution of the Ludlow graptolites. Geological Correlation, 1, 44–52. [In Russian].
  • Koren', T. N. and Sujarkova, A. A. 2004. The Ludlow (Late Silurian) neocucullograptid fauna from southern Tien Shan, Kyrghizstan. Alcheringa, 28, 333–387.
  • Koren', T. N. and Sujarkova, A. A. 2007. Silurian graptolite biostratigraphy of the Kaliningrad District, Northwest Russia. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 46 (Suppl), 232–236.
  • Koren', T. N. and Ulst, R. 1967. Graptolity. In Stratigrafia, fauna i uslovia obrazovania silurijskikh porod Srednej Pribaltiky. Znanie, Riga, 304 pp. [In Russian].
  • Koz&#x142;owska-Dawidziuk, A. 1995. Silurian retiolitids of the East European Platform. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 40, 261–326.
  • Koz&#x142;owska-Dawidziuk, A., Lenz, A. C. and &#x160;torch, P. 2001. Upper Wenlock and lower Ludlow (Silurian), post-extinction graptolites, V&#x161;eradice Section, Barrandian area, Czech Republic. Journal of Paleontology, 75, 147–164.
  • K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J. 1991. The Silurian of the Prague Basin (Bohemia) – tectonic, eustatic and volcanic controls on facies and faunal development. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 44, 179–203.
  • K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J. 1992. Silurian field excursions: Prague Basin (Barrandian), Bohemia. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series, 13, 1–111.
  • K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J.1999. Bivalvia dominated communities of Bohemian type from the Silurian and Lower Devonian carbonate facies. 229–252. In Boucot, A. J. and Lawson, J. D. (eds). Paleocommunities – a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 895 pp.
  • K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J., Dufka, P., Jaeger, H. and Schönlaub, H. P. 1993. The Wenlock/Ludlow Boundary in the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 136, 809–839.
  • Kühne, W. G. 1955. Unterludlow-Graptolithen aus Berliner Geschieben. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie and Palontologie, Abhandlungen, 100, 350–401.
  • Lapworth, C. 1876. On Scottish Monograptidae. Geological Magazine (2), 3, 308–321, 350–360, 499–507, 544–552.
  • Lapworth, C. 1878. The Moffat Series. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 34, 240–346.
  • Lapworth, C. 1880. On new British graptolites. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5, 149–177.
  • Legrand, P. 2012. The Upper Silurian of Touat (Algerian Sahara) and its fauna. Bulletin of Geosciences, 87, 661–668.
  • Lehnert, O., Frýda, J., Buggisch, W., Munnecke, A., Nützel, A., K&#x159;i&#x17e;, J. and Manda, &#x160;. 2007. δ13C record across the Ludlow Lau Event: new data from mid palaeo-latitudes of northern peri-Gondwana (Prague Basin, Czech Republic). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245, 227–244.
  • Lenz, A. C. 1988. Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian graptolites and graptolite biostratigraphy, northern Yukon, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 355–369.
  • Lenz, A. C. 1990. Ludlow and Pridoli (Upper Silurian) graptolite biostratigraphy of the central Arctic islands: a preliminary report. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27, 1074–1083.
  • Lenz, A. C. 1992. Some late Wenlock and Ludlow monograptid graptolites, Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 200–207.
  • Lenz, A. C. and Koz&#x142;owska-Dawidziuk, A. 2004. Ludlow and Pridoli (upper Silurian) graptolites from the Arctic Islands, Canada. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 144 pp.
  • Lenz, A. C. and Melchin, M. J. 1986. A synrhabdosome of Saetograptus fritschi cf. linearis (Bou&#x10d;ek) from Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 1854–1857.
  • Lenz, A. C., Noble, P. J., Masiak, M., Poulson, S. R. and Koz&#x142;owska, A. 2006. The lundgreni Extinction Event: integration of paleontological and geochemical data from Arctic Canada. GFF, 128, 153–158.
  • Loydell, D. K. 1994. Early Telychian changes in graptoloid diversity and sea level. Geological Journal, 29, 355–368.
  • Loydell, D. K. 1998. Early Silurian sea-level changes. Geological Magazine, 135, 447–471.
  • Loydell, D. K. 2007. Early Silurian positive δ13C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events. Geological Journal, 42, 531–546.
  • Loydell, D. K. 2012. Graptolite biozone correlation charts. Geological Magazine, 149, 124–132.
  • Maletz, J. 1997. The rhabdosome structure of a Saetograptus species (Graptoloidea, Monograptacea) from a North German glacial boulder. Palontologische Zeitschrift, 71, 247–255.
  • Maletz, J. 1999. Heisograptus micropoma (Jaekel, 1889) [Graptoloidea, Monograptidae] in a north German glacial erratic boulder. Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beitrge, 6, 279–290.
  • Manda, &#x160;. 2008. Palaeoecology and palaeogeographic relations of the Silurian phragmoceratids (Nautiloidea, Cephalopoda) of the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Bulletin of Geosciences, 83, 39–62.
  • Manda, &#x160;. and Frýda, J. 2010. Silurian-Devonian boundary events and their influence on cephalopod evolution: evolutionary significance of cephalopod egg size during mass extinctions. Bulletin of Geosciences, 85, 513–540.
  • Manda, &#x160;. and K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J. 2006. Environmental and biotic changes in subtropical isolated carbonate platforms during the Late Silurian Kozlowskii Event, Prague Basin. GFF, 128, 161–168.
  • Manda, &#x160;., &#x160;torch, P., Slavík, L., Frýda, J., K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J. and Tasáryová, Z. 2012. The graptolite, conodont and sedimentary record through the late Ludlow kozlowskii Event (Silurian) in the shale-dominated succession of Bohemia. Geological Magazine, 149, 507–531.
  • Melchin, J. M., Koren', T. N. and &#x160;torch, P. 1998. Global diversity and survivorship patterns of Silurian graptoloids. New York State Museum Bulletin, 491, 165–181.
  • Mikhaylova, N. F. 1975. Graptolity. 151–158. In Menner, V. V. (ed.). Kharakteristika fauny pogranichnykh sloev silura i devona tsentralnogo Kazakhstana. Izd. Nedra, Moskva, 247 pp. [In Russian].
  • Münch, A. 1931. Retiolites mancki, ein neuer Retiolites aus dem nord-deutschen Geschieben. Bereich der Naturwissenschaft Gesellschaft zu Chemnitz, 23, 35–42.
  • Palmer, D. 1971. The Ludlow graptolites Neodiversograptus nilssoni and Cucullograptus (Lobograptus) progenitor. Lethaia, 4, 357–384.
  • Perner, J. 1899. Études sur les graptolites de Boheme. Part 3, section b. &#x10c;eská Akademie Císa&#x159;e Franti&#x161;ka Josefa, Prague, 39 pp.
  • Perrier, V., Vannier, J. and Siveter, D. J. 2011. Silurian bolbozoids and cypridinids (Myodocopa) from Europe: pioneer pelagic ostracods. Palaeontology, 54, 1361–1391.
  • Piras, S. 2006a. Valentinagraptus a new genus of plectograptid graptoloid from the lower Ludlow (Silurian) of Barrandian, Bohemia. Geological Journal, 41, 581–590.
  • Piras, S. 2006b. Ludlow (Silurian) graptolites and biostratigraphy of the western part of the Prague Basin (Barrandian area, Bohemia). Unpublished PhD Thesis, Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 103 pp.
  • P&#x159;ibyl, A. 1942. Revize rodu Pristiograpt&#x16f; z podrodu Colonograptus nov. subg. a Saetograptus nov. subg. Rozpravy &#x10c;eské Akademie v&#x11b;d a Um&#x11b;ní, T&#x159;ída II, 52 (15), 1–24. [In Czech].
  • P&#x159;ibyl, A. 1943. Revize rodu Pristiograptus ze skupiny P. dubius a P. vulgaris z &#x10d;eského a cizího siluru. Rozpravy &#x10c;eské Akademie v&#x11b;d a Um&#x11b;ní, T&#x159;ída II, 53 (4), 1–48. [In Czech].
  • P&#x159;ibyl, A. 1967. O rodu Bohemograptus gen. nov. (Graptoloidea) z &#x10d;eského a cizího ludlowu. &#x10c;asopis Národního Muzea, &#x158;ada p&#x159;írodov&#x11b;dná, 136, 133–136. [In Czech].
  • P&#x159;ibyl, A. 1983. Graptolite biozones of the Kopanina and P&#x159;ídolí formations in the Upper Silurian of central Bohemia. &#x10c;asopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii, 28, 149–167.
  • Richter, R. 1875. Aus dem Thuringischen Schiefergebirge, V. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 27, 261–273.
  • Rickards, R. B. 2001. Veliger morphs in Pristiograptus, a robust graptoloid from the Ludlow series (Silurian) of Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 46, 447–451.
  • Rickards, R. B. and Iordan, M. 1975. Rumanian graptolites from boreholes on the Moesian Platform. Geological Magazine, 112, 241–255.
  • Rickards, R. B. and Palmer, D. C. 1977. Early Ludlow monograptids with Devonian morphological affinities. Lethaia, 10, 59–70.
  • Rickards, R. B. and Woodcock, N. H. 2005. Stratigraphical revision of the Windermere Supergroup (Late Ordovician–Silurian) in the southern Howgill Fells, NW England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 55, 263–285.
  • Rickards, R. B. and Wright, A. J. 1997. Graptolites of the Barnby Hills Shale (Silurian, Ludlow, New South Wales, Australia). Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 51, 209–227.
  • Rickards, R. B. and Wright, A. J. 2003. The Pristiograptus dubius (Suess, 1851) species group and iterative evolution in the Mid- and Late Silurian. Scottish Journal of Geology, 39, 61–69.
  • Rickards, R. B., Davidson, G. J. and Banks, M. R. 1993. Silurian (Ludlow) graptolites from Golden Ridge, NE Tasmania. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 15, 125–135.
  • Rickards, R. B., Holland, C. H. and Serpagli, E. 1995a. Aspects of Silurian and Lower Devonian graptolite faunas and stratigraphy in southern Sardinia. Bollettino della Societá Paleontologica Italiana, 34, 67–80.
  • Rickards, R. B., Packham, G. H., Wright, A. J. and Williamson, P. L. 1995b. Wenlock and Ludlow graptolite faunas and biostratigraphy of the Quarry Creek district, New South Wales. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 17, 1–68.
  • Salvador, A. (ed.). 1994. International Stratigraphic Guide, 2nd edn. IUGS and Geological Society of America, Boulder, 214 pp.
  • Slavík, L., K&#x159;í&#x17e;, J. and Carls, P. 2010. Reflection of the mid-Ludfordian Lau Event in conodont faunas of Bohemia. Bulletin of Geosciences, 85, 395–414.
  • &#x160;torch, P. 1995a. Upper Silurian (upper Ludlow) graptolites of the N. inexpectatus and N. kozlowskii biozones from Kosov Quarry near Beroun (Barrandian area, Bohemia). Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 70 (4), 65–89.
  • &#x160;torch, P. 1995b. Biotic crises and post-crisis recoveries recorded by graptolite faunas of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic. Geolines, 3, 59–70.
  • &#x160;torch, P. and FRÝDA, J. 2012. Late Aeronian graptolite sedgwickii Event, associated positive carbon isotope excursion and facies changes in the Prague Synform (Barrandian, Bohemia). Geological Magazine, 149 (6), 1089–1106.
  • Tomczyk, H. 1956. Wenlock and Ludlow in the Kielce Syncline of the Swiety Krzyz Mts. Prace Institutu Geologicznego, Warszawa, 16, 1–129.
  • Tomczyk, H., Urbanek, A. and Teller, L. 1990. Hemichordata. 378–427. In Pajchlova, M. (ed.). Budowa geologiczna Polski, Tom III – Atlas skamienia&#x142;o&#x161;ci przewodnich i charakterystycznych, 1a – Paleozoik starszy. Wydawnicztwo Geologiczne, Warszawa, 558 pp. [In Polish].
  • Tullberg, S. A. 1883. Skånes graptoliter, II. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Series C, 55, 1–43.
  • Turek, V. 1983. Hydrodynamic conditions and the benthic community of upper Wenlockian calcareous shales in the western part of the Barrandian (Kosov quarry). &#x10c;asopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii, 28, 245–260.
  • Urbanek, A. 1954. Some observations on the morphology of Monograptidae. Acta Geologica Polonica, 4, 291–306.
  • Urbanek, A. 1958. Monograptidae from erratic boulders of Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica, 9, 1–105.
  • Urbanek, A. 1960. An attempt at biological interpretation of evolutionary changes in graptolite colonies. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 5, 127–234.
  • Urbanek, A. 1963. On generation and regeneration of cladia in some Upper Silurian monograptids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 8, 135–254.
  • Urbanek, A. 1966. On the morphology and evolution of the Cucullograptinae (Monograptidae, Graptolithina). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 11, 291–544.
  • Urbanek, A. 1970. Neocucullograptinae n. subfam. (Graptolithina) – their evolutionary and stratigraphic bearing. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 15, 163–388.
  • Urbanek, A. 1993. Biotic crises in the history of upper Silurian graptoloids: a palaeobiological model. Historical Biology, 7, 29–50.
  • Urbanek, A. and Teller, L. 1997. Graptolites and stratigraphy of the Wenlock and Ludlow series in the East European Platform. Palaeontologia Polonica, 56, 23–57.
  • Urbanek, A., Radzevi&#x10d;ius, S., Koz&#x142;owska, A. and Teller, L. 2012. Phyletic evolution and iterative speciation in the persistent Pristiograptus dubius lineage. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57, 589–611.
  • Walker, M. 1953. The development of Monograptus dubius and Monograptus chimaera. Geological Magazine, 90, 362–373.
  • Watkins, R. and Berry, W. B. N. 1977. Ecology of a Late Silurian fauna of graptolites and associated organisms. Lethaia, 10, 267–286.
  • Wood, E. M. R. 1900. The Lower Ludlow Formation and its graptolite fauna. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 56, 415–492.
  • Zalasiewicz, J. A., Rushton, A. W. A., Hutt, J. E. and Howe, M. P. A. (eds.) 2000. Atlas of graptolite type specimens, Folio 1. Michael Heath Limited, Reigate, Surrey, 102 pp.
  • Zalasiewicz, J. A., Taylor, L., Rushton, W. A., Loydell, D. K., Rickards, R. B. and Williams, M. 2009. Graptolites in British stratigraphy. Geological Magazine, 146, 785–850.
  • Zhang, Y. D. and Lenz, A. C. 1997. Uppermost Wenlock and Ludlow graptolites from southern Yunnan, China. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 34, 1220–1238.
PalAss Go! URL: http://go.palass.org/5rq | Twitter: Share on Twitter | Facebook: Share on Facebook | Google+: Share on Google+