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Natural flint casts representing several different types of burrows were found within the thickness of the test of a Chalk echinoid. They have been compared with the burrows inhabited by various living animals. It is concluded that they indicate the probable presence of an acrothoracican cirripede, a phoronid, and an echiuroid, and the possible presence of a lamellibranch, polychaet and other 'worms', and sponges. No new names are proposed for these burrows because they cannot be regarded as parts of organisms.

• Read more about Probable cirripede, phoronid, and echiuroid burrows within a Cretaceous echinoid test

Fifteen species are described and figured, including Corrugatagnostus convergens sp. nov., Shumardia extensa sp. nov., Phylacops bituberculatus sp. nov., and Dindymene ovalis sp. nov.; Thomondia globosa Harper is redescribed from additional material and assigned to the Family Isocolidae. The trilobites were collected from a thin band in the brown mudstone horizon constituting the lower part of the Ballyvorgal Group, a new division at the top of the Ordovician succession in the Slieve Bernagh Mountains.

• Read more about Ashgillian trilobites from Co. Clare, Ireland

The type species of Spiriferellina Fredericks, Reticularnna Fredericks and Punctospirifer North are redescribed from type material.

• Read more about The type species of three Upper Palaeozoic punctate spiriferoids

Previous records of Cycloloculina miocenica Cushman and Ponton from the Miocene of Cyprus are shown to be based on misidentifications of Discospirina italica (Costa). Examination of existing records of the latter genus indicates that its geological range may now be assumed to be Middle Miocene to Recent.

• Read more about Geological distribution of Discospirina (Foraminifera) and occurrence of D. italica in the Miocene of Cyprus

A megaspore assemblage is described from coal and shale deposits of Upper Devonian age from Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. All are new species, and two represent new genera: Biharisporites ellesmerensis sp. nov., B. ocksensis sp. nov., Triangulatisporites rootsii sp. nov., Lagenicula devonica sp. nov., Ocksisporites maclarenii gen. et sp. nov., and Nikitinsporites canadensis gen. et sp. nov. All but one of these forms are appre-ciably smaller than typical Carboniferous megaspores.

• Read more about Devonian megaspores from Arctic Canada

The three brachiopod genera Martiniopsis Waagen, Notospirifer Harrington, and Ingelarella nov. are included in the new subfamily Ingelarellinae of the family Spiriferidae. The detailed morphology of the group is discussed, Notospirifer is redefined, and Ingelarella and its type species are described. It is concluded that Martiniopsis is restricted to the Tethyan-Ural area, while Notospirifer is as yet recorded only from Australia, and Ingelaretta occurs in Australasia, Argentina, and possibly Pakistan and Kashmir. All three genera appear to be restricted to the Permian (Sakmarian-Tartarian).

• Read more about The Martiniopsis-like spiriferids of the Queensland Permian

A series of 105 samples with an average vertical spacing of 12 ft. was collected to span the Kimeridge Clay of the Dorset Coast. The dominant element of the foraminiferal faunas comprised members of the family Lagenidae; agglutinating forms were an important accessory. The proportions of potentially agglutinable materials in each of twenty-seven samples were determined. A study was also made of the materials used by the 'arenaceous' foraminifera in building their tests.

• Read more about Arenaceous Foraminifera from the type Kimeridgian (Upper Jurassic)

The associated skeleton of a Pliosaur from the Kimeridge Clay of Ely is described. Since it is the firsl known Pliosaur of Kimeridgian age which possesses both mandible and limb girdles associated with the vertebra] column, it provides a means whereby Kimeridgian Pliosaurs can be separated into two distinct groups. On the characters of its mandible and scapula the Ely specimen is placed in the genus Pliosaurus, while the characters of its cervical vertebrae enable it to be included in the species P. brachyspondylus (Owen).

• Read more about Pliosaurus brachyspondylus (Owen) from the Kimeridge Clay

Lectotypes are chosen for certain Caradoc brachiopod species of zonal value, and their stratigraphical horizons and associated faunas are reviewed. Paucicrura sowerbii nom. nov. is proposed for the Ordovician syntype of Orthis canalis J. de C. Sowerby, 1839.

• Read more about Four British Ordovician species of dalmanelloid brachiopod

A rock-type common in the Lower and Middle Cretaceous of the Middle East consists of fine algal debris in a calcareous marly matrix. The algae, of which Permocalculus and Munieria are the commonest, are described and illustrated both as fragments and as complete segments; the origin of the deposits is discussed by analogy with present-day algal sediments.

• Read more about Algal debris-facies in the Cretaceous of the Middle East